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Since the dawn of human ingenuity，people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous，boring，burdens

admin2020-03-28  19
问题     Since the dawn of human ingenuity，people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous，boring，burdensome，or just plain nasty．That compulsion has resulted in robotics——the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines．And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction，they have begun to come close．
As a result，the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor．Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms．Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank US with mechanical politeness for the transaction．Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers．And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics，there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy——far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone．
    But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility，they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves——goals that pose a real challenge．“While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specie error，”says Dave Lavery，manager of a robotics program at NASA，“we can’t yet give a robot enough‘common sense’ to reliably interact with a dynamic world．”
    Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results．Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010，researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries．
  What they found，in attempting to model thought，is that the human brain’s  roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented——and human perception far more complicated——than previously imagined．They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment．But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant，instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd．The most advanced computer systems on Earth can’t approach that kind of ability，and neuroscientists still don’t know quite how we do it．
Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in____________．
选项 A、the use of machines to produce science fiction
B、the wide use of machines in manufacturing industry
C、the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work
D、the elite’s cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work
答案C
解析 细节题。第一段首句指出了人们为了要处理那些危险的、枯燥的、繁重的或者只是普通肮脏的工作而进行某些智慧性的发明。换言之即人们在一些危险的、枯燥的、繁重的或者只是一般肮脏的工作中体现出了他们的智慧。因此C项“发明针对困难和危险工作的工具”为正确答案。A项“使用机器来产生科幻小说”。原文在第一段最后一句提到了science fiction，但是这句话的意思是科学家们还没有在机械上实现科幻小说的幻想，而不是用机器去产生小说。这属于偷换概念，排除。B项“机器在制造工业上的广泛应用”。原文没有体现。D项“精英们用来做危险和枯燥工作的巧妙工具”，原文没有涉及elite这个词，因此该选项属于缩小范围。故本题选C。
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