2. 外语
  3. You will read a short passage, listen to a talk, and answer a question about them. After you hear the question, you will have 30

You will read a short passage, listen to a talk, and answer a question about them. After you hear the question, you will have 30

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问题     You will read a short passage, listen to a talk, and answer a question about them. After you hear the question, you will have 30 seconds to prepare a response and 60 seconds to record the response.
    Now read the passage about the concept of appeasement behaviors. You will have 45 seconds to read the passage. Begin reading now.
                                                Appeasement Behaviors
    Many animals live in social groups, and certain animals may be stronger or more powerful than other animals in the group. Since a weaker animal could be injured in a fight with a stronger animal, many animals use appeasement behaviors to avoid fighting with stronger animals. By performing appeasement behaviors, a weaker animal communicates that it does not want to fight, and is willing to submit to the more powerful individual. Because fights can be harmful to members of a group, appeasement behaviors benefit the group by preventing fights from occurring.
    Now listen to part of a lecture on this topic in a biology class.
    Explain how the example from the lecture illustrates the concept of appeasement behaviors.
Now listen to part of a lecture on this topic in a biology class.
    OK, so this has been observed among wolves. As you may know, wolves live in packs—groups that roam the forest and hunt prey together and within their wolf pack some of the wolves are usually bigger and stronger than the others. When wolves find and catch prey, they usually eat it together, sharing the food among members of the wolf pack, but sometimes one wolf may try to take the food that another member of the pack is eating.
    Now if the wolf with the food is bigger and stronger than the one trying to take the food, it’s going to prevent the other wolf from taking its food by threatening to attack the other wolf. Well, the smaller wolf won’t let the bigger wolf attack it, so it’ll lower its head, put its head close to the ground, and flatten its fur, keeping its fur close to its body. And lowering its head and flattening its fur are both signs of weakness—signs that the smaller wolf will give in and seeing this, the larger threatening wolf will let the smaller wolf go without any trouble and neither of them gets hurt.
选项
答案 Appeasement behaviors are behaviors used by weaker animals to prevent fighting with stronger animals. Through appeasement behaviors, a weaker animal can communicate its submissiveness to stronger ones and avoid being hurt in a fight. Such behaviors occur in wolves. For example, when a prey is caught, it’ll be shared by all the members of a wolf pack. Sometimes, one wolf may intend to rob another of its portion. If the wolf with food turns out to be stronger than the one trying to take the food, the latter will perform appeasement behaviors so as to dodge a bullet. The appeasement behaviors it may adopt include lowering its head and flattening its fur, which signify weakness. Upon seeing such signals, the stronger animal will let go of the weaker one and no fight will take place.
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