首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Seven years ago, a group of female scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology produced a piece of research showing
Seven years ago, a group of female scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology produced a piece of research showing
admin
2011-04-12
30
问题
Seven years ago, a group of female scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology produced a piece of research showing that senior women professors in the institute’s school of science had lower salaries and received fewer resources for research than their male counterparts did. Discrimination against female scientists has
cropped up
elsewhere. One study—conducted in Sweden, of all places—showed that female medical-research scientists had to be twice as good as men to win research grants. These pieces of work, though, were relatively small-scale. Now, a much larger study has found that discrimination plays a role in the pay gap between male and female scientists at British universities.
Sara Connolly, a researcher at the University of East Anglia’s school of economics, has been analyzing the results of a survey of over 7,000 scientists and she has just presented her findings at this year’s meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in Norwich. She found that the average pay gap between male and female academics working in science, engineering and technology is around £ 1,500 ($2,850) a year.
That is not, of course, irrefutable proof of discrimination. An alternative hypothesis is that the courses of men’s and women’s lives mean the gap is caused by something else; women taking "career breaks" to have children, for example, and thus rising more slowly through the hierarchy. Unfortunately for that idea, Dr. Connolly found that men are also likely to earn more within any given grade of the hierarchy. Male professors, for example, earn over £ 4,000 a year more than female ones.
To prove the point beyond doubt, Dr. Connolly worked out how much of the overall pay differential was explained by differences such as seniority, experience and age, and how much was unexplained, and therefore suggestive of discrimination. Explicable differences amounted to 77% of the overall pay gap between the sexes. That still left a substantial 23% gap in pay, which Dr. Connolly attributes to discrimination.
Besides pay, her study also looked at the " glass-ceiling" effect—namely that at all stages of a woman’s career she is less likely than her male colleagues to be promoted. Between postdoctoral and lecturer level, men are more likely to be promoted than women are, by a factor of between 1.04 and 2.45. Such differences are bigger at higher grades, with the hardest move of all being for a woman to settle into a professorial chair.
Of course, it might be that, at each grade, men do more work than women, to make themselves more eligible for promotion. But that explanation, too, seems to be wrong. Unlike the previous studies, Dr. Connolly’s compared the experience of scientists in universities with that of those in other sorts of laboratory. It turns out that female academic researchers face more barriers to promotion, and have a wider gap between their pay and that of their male counterparts, than do their sisters in industry or research institutes independent of universities. Private enterprise, in other words, delivers more equality than the supposedly egalitarian world of academia does.
The phrase "cropped up" in the first paragraph most probably means______.
选项
A、planted
B、thrived
C、elevated
D、happened
答案
D
解析
这是一道词汇题,测试考生对原文词语的准确理解能力。原文第一段第二句中的“cropped up”是一个固定用法,其含义是“发生,出现”.故本题的正确选项应该是D。考生在解答词汇试题时应注意运用原句信息、上下文内容以及全义中心主旨思想这三种方法。本题可以利用上下句之间的语义关系进行推导。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/oUp4777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Whatinthewriter’sopinion,happenstoascholarwhoshareshisideaswithhiscolleagues?Developmentsininternationalco-o
(46)Free-marketeconomyisaneconomicsysteminwhichindividuals,ratherthangovernment,makethemajorityofdecisionsregar
Themanagerlosthis______justbecausehissecretarywastenminuteslate’
Asurveywascarriedoutondeathrateofnew-bornbabiesinthatregion,______weresurprising.
Thecellphone,adevicewehavelivedwithformorethanadecade,offersagoodexampleofapopulartechnology’sunforeseensi
Thecellphone,adevicewehavelivedwithformorethanadecade,offersagoodexampleofapopulartechnology’sunforeseensi
Whatisimpliedinthefirstsentence?TheauthorwritesoftheexperiencesofJimClarktodemonstrate
Thekidswhogrewupon"StarTrek"can’tfind(1)_____wayaroundEarth.Americanscan(2)_____directtoEngland,butonly
WecanlearnfromthebeginningthatthecompetitioninthetravelindustryrevolveschieflyaroundWhichofthefollowingisT
Rome,June13—Alawthatimposesstrictrulesonassistedfertilitywillremainonthebooks,afterthefailureonMondayofah
随机试题
A.胰岛素分泌B.甲状旁腺激素分泌C.甲状腺激素分泌D.胰岛素样生长因子生成E.醛同酮分泌血K+浓度升高可促进
中医认为肝为()
患者因高速公路车祸导致口腔颌面部严重创伤,急诊入院。采集病史时应特别注意询问
正常尿液的pH值属于
下列各项中,可以成为国际法主体的是:()。
临时用电施工组织设计必须由电气工程技术人员编制、技术负责人审核、经有关部门批准后实施。()
漏电保护器又称漏电开关,是用于在电路或电器绝缘受损发生时对地短路时防止人身触电和电器火灾。
夫璇玉致美,不为池隍之宝;桂椒信芳,而非园林之实。岂其深而好远哉,盖云殊性而已。故无足而至者,物之藉也;随踵而立者,人之薄也。若乃巢高之抗行,夷皓之峻节,故已父老尧禹,锱铢周汉,而绵世浸远,光灵不属,至使菁华隐没,芳流歇绝,不其惜乎!虽今之作者,人自为量,
战国时期公孙龙有一个著名的“白马非马”论,“马者,所以命形也。白者,所以命色也。命色者,非命形也,故日白马非马。”此论说
AmotionattheLabourpartyconference,whichbeginsonSunday,isexpectedtocallonthepartytotakeadvantageofbreakcla
最新回复
(
0
)