2. 外语
  3. A. Microcomputer A microcomputer is a desktop or notebook size computing device that uses a microprocessor as its Central Pr

A. Microcomputer A microcomputer is a desktop or notebook size computing device that uses a microprocessor as its Central Pr

admin2014-03-03  10
问题 A. Microcomputer
    A microcomputer is a desktop or notebook size computing device that uses a microprocessor as its Central Processing Unit, or CPU. Microcomputers are also called Personal Computers (PCs), home computers, small business computers, and micros. The smallest, most compact are called laptops. When they first appeared, they were considered single user devices, and they were capable of handling only four, eight, or 16 bits of information at one time. More recently the distinction between microcomputers and large, mainframe computers (as well as the smaller mainframe type systems called minicomputers) has become blurred, as newer microcomputer models have increased the speed and data handling capabilities of their CPUs into the 256 bit, or even much more bit multi-user range.
B. Minicomputer
    A minicomputer is a mid-level computer built to perform complex computations while dealing efficiently with a high level of input and output from users connected via terminals. Minicomputers also frequently connect to other minicomputers on a network and distribute processing among all the attached machines. Minicomputers are used heavily in transaction processing applications and as interfaces between mainframe computer systems and wide area networks (WAN).
C. Mainframe Computer
    A mainframe computer is a high level computer designed for the most intensive computational tasks. Mainframe computers are often shared by multiple users connected to the computer via terminals. The most powerful mainframes, called supercomputers, perform highly complex and time consuming computations and are used heavily in both pure and applied research by scientists, large businesses, and the military.
D. Supercomputer
    In computer science, supercomputers are large, extremely fast, and expensive computers used for complex or sophisticated calculations, typically, machines capable of pipelining instruction execution and providing vector instructions. A supercomputer can, for example, perform the enormous number of calculations required to draw and animate a moving spaceship in a motion picture. Supercomputers are also used for weather forecasting, large scale scientific modeling, and oil exploration and so on and so like.
E. Distributed or Grid Computing
    The power needed for some calculations is more than even a single supercomputer can manage. In distributed computing using a PC grid many computers of all sizes can work on parts of the problem and their results are pooled. A number of current projects rely on volunteers with computers connected to the Internet. The computers do the work when they are not busy otherwise. The projects that need distributed computing are highly technical. For example, the SETI@Home project looks for signs of intelligent communication in radio signals coming from space. (SETI stands for Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence.)
They are often used for jobs like engineering design and testing, serious decryption, economic forecasting, etc.
选项
答案D
解析 段落D是有关巨型计算机的，其主要特点是：perform the enormous number of calcula-tions(进行巨量的计算工作)，如天气预报、大型科学模型的计算等，这与本题中提到的工程设计与测试(engineering design and tes—ting)，大型密码解密(serious decryption)和经济预测(economic forecasting)等，这些都需要大量且复杂的计算，故D是正确答案。
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