Language performance and language acquisition are the two principle concerns of the psychology of language, or psycholinguistics

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问题     Language performance and language acquisition are the two
principle concerns of the psychology of language, or psycholinguistics.【M1】______
    The intensified study of psycholinguistics has produced a considerable
amount of literature and some significant advance in our understanding【M2】______
of language acquisition. Surprisingly little fundamental research
has been conducted into the processes of learning a second language.
The consequence has been most theories in this field【M3】______
are still extrapolating from general theories of human learning【M4】______
and behavior or from the recent work in language performance and
acquisition. This is not to say that there has been no valuable
research on language teaching. But this has been concerned about【M5】______
the evaluation of different teaching methods and materials, for
example, the use of language laboratories, the use of language drills,
the teaching of grammar by different methods.
    Now, such research is difficult to evaluate, so experiments in【M6】______
language teaching suffer from the same set of problems that all
comparative educational experiments suffer from. It is virtually
impossible to control all the factors involved in even if we know【M7】______
how to identify them in the first place, particularly such factors as
motivation, previous knowledge, aptitude, learning outside the classroom,
teacher performance. Consequently the conclusions to be drawn
from such experiments can, with confidence, be generalized to other【M8】______
teaching situations. The results are, strictly spoken, only valid for the【M9】______
learners, teachers and schools in what the experiment took place.【M10】______
【M4】

选项

答案extrapolating→extrapolated

解析 此句意为“该领域中的大部分理论是被推断出来的”,故应使用被动语态。
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