首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Suppose you go into a fruiterer’s shop, wanting an apple—you take up one, and on biting it you find it is sour; you look at it,
Suppose you go into a fruiterer’s shop, wanting an apple—you take up one, and on biting it you find it is sour; you look at it,
admin
2017-08-15
40
问题
Suppose you go into a fruiterer’s shop, wanting an apple—you take up one, and on biting it you find it is sour; you look at it, and see that it is hard and green. You take up another one, and that, too, is hard, green, and sour. The shopman offers you a third; but, before biting it, you examine it, and find that it is hard and green, and you immediately say that you will not have it, as it must be sour, like those that you have already tried.
Nothing can be more simple than that, you think; but if you will take the trouble to analyze and trace out into its logical elements what has been done by the mind, you will be greatly surprised. In the first place you have performed the operation of induction. You find that, in two experiences, hardness and greenness in apples went together with sourness. It was so in the first case, and it was confirmed by the second. True, it is a very small basis, but still it is enough from which to make an induction; you generalize the facts, and you expect to find sourness in apples where you get hardness and greenness. You found upon that a general law, that all hard and green apples are sour; and that, so far as it goes, is a perfect induction. Well, having got your natural law in this way, when you are offered another apple which you find it hard and green, you say, "all hard and green apples are sour; this apple is hard and green; therefore, this apple is sour." That train of reasoning is what logicians call a syllogism, and has all its various parts and terms—its major premises, its minor premises, and its conclusion. And by the help of further reasoning, which, if drawn out, would have to be exhibited in two or three other syllogisms, you arrive at your final determination, "I will not have that apple." So that, you see, you have, in the first place, established a law by induction, and upon that you have founded a deduction, and reasoned out the special particular case.
Well now, suppose, having got your conclusion of the law, that at some times afterwards, you are discussing the qualities of apple with a friend; you will say to him, "It is a very curious thing, but I find that all hard and green apples are sour!" Your friend says to you, "But how do you know that?" You at once reply, "Oh, because I have tried them over and over again, and have always found them to be so." Well, if we are talking science instead of common sense, we should call that an experimental verification. And, if still opposed, you go further, and say, "I have heard from people, in Somerset shire and Devon shire, where a large number of apples are grown, and in London, where many apples are sold and eaten, that they have observed the same thing." It is also found to be the case in Normandy, and in North America. In short, I find it to be the universal experience of mankind wherever attention has been directed to the subject. Whereupon, your friend, unless he is a very unreasonable man, agrees with you, and is convinced that you are quite right in the conclusion you have drawn. He believes, although perhaps he does not know he believes it, that the more extensive verifications have been made, and results of the same kind arrived at—that the more varied the conditions under which the same results are attained, the more certain is the ultimate conclusion, and he disputes the question no further. He sees that the experiment has been tried under all sorts of conditions, as to time, place, and people, with the same result; and he says with you, therefore, that the law you have laid down must be a good one, and he must believe it.
The writer is probably ______.
选项
A、French
B、English
C、American
D、None of the above
答案
B
解析
本题可参照文章倒数第2段。从中可知作者引用了地名Somerset shire and Devon shire,London,Normandy和North America,由此可以看出作者是英国人。因此B项为正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/p7FO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Whatattractscustomers?Obviouslythequalityofaproductdoes,butvisualimages【C1】______agreatdeal.Itisnotonlytheima
Whatattractscustomers?Obviouslythequalityofaproductdoes,butvisualimages【C1】______agreatdeal.Itisnotonlytheima
Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowthat,whoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowno,highunemploymentisprobabl
Ihearmanyparentscomplainingthattheirteenagechildrenarerebelling.Iwishitwereso.Atyourageyououghttobegrowin
UNdiplomatsaresuspiciousthatthecountry’s______weaponsprogrammemaybebroaderthanreported.
Rubidium,potassiumandcarbonarethreecommonelementsusedtodatethehistoryofEarth.Theratesofradioactivedecayofth
TheLondonStockExchangehasbeenfamousasaplaceformenonly,andwomenusedtobestrictlyforbiddentoenter.Butthewor
Doyourememberallthoseyearswhenscientistsarguedthatsmokingwouldkillusbutthedoubtersinsistedthatwedidn’tknow
Couldthebadolddaysofeconomicdeclinebeabouttoreturn?SinceOPECagreedtosupply-cutsinMarch,thepriceofcrudeoil
Animalscanbecomeunusually______whentheyareupsetbyasuddenenvironmentalchange.
随机试题
急性白血病化疗后已达到持续完全缓解的指标是
患者,男,50岁,腰痛4年,劳累及久坐后加重,休息后缓解。突发右下肢剧烈疼痛,排尿困难1天。查体:一般状况好,痛苦面容,被动腰椎前屈位,腰椎向右倾斜。双直腿抬高试验25。阳性,加强试验(+),L4~5椎间隙压痛(+),放射痛(+)。鞍区痛触觉减退,肛门反射
生产性建设工程项目总投资包括( )。
()让投资者免除了储存黄金的风险,也让投资者有随时提取所购买黄金的权利。
下列指标中,累积后没有实际意义的有()。
“或者是甲,或者是非甲”是形式逻辑思维规律中()的公式。
给定资料1.截至2015年12月3日21时,2015年中国电影票房已达400.5亿,成为首个票房超过400亿的年份。从2014年的296.39亿元到目前的400亿元,不到一年全国票房增长过百亿。而在2015年票房排行前十名的影片中,国产片有6部,
与先辈不同,这一新生代的中国研究人员不愿意_______接受古籍中的描写。在希冀精确追溯中国历史的尝试中,他们所_______的是实物、数据以及更为“西式”的方法。依次填入画横线部分最恰当的一项是()。
设f(x)连续,则∫0xxf(x—t)dt=___________.
A—chefB—carpenterC—receptionistD—flightattendantE—stockbrokerF—ci
最新回复
(
0
)