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Caught in a squeeze between the health needs of aging populations on one hand and the financial crisis on the other, governments

admin2014-08-28  57
问题     Caught in a squeeze between the health needs of aging populations on one hand and the financial crisis on the other, governments everywhere are looking for ways to slow the growth in health-care spending. Increasingly, they are looking to the generic-drugs(非专利药物)industry as a savior. In November Japan’s Finance Ministry issued a report complaining that the country’s use of generics was less than a third of that in America or Britain. In the same month Canada’s competition watchdog criticized the country’s pharmacies for failing to pass on the savings made possible by the use of generic drugs. That greed, it reckoned, costs taxpayers nearly C$1 billion a year.
    Then on November 28th the European Commission issued the preliminary results of its year-long probe into drug giants in the European Union. The report reached a damning, though provisional, conclusion: the drugs firms use a variety of unfair strategies to protect their expensive drugs by delaying the entry of cheaper generic opponents. Though this initial report does not carry the force of law(a final report is due early next year), it has caused much controversy. Neelie Kroes, the EU’s competition commissioner, says she is ready to take legal action if the evidence allows.
    One strategy the investigators criticize is the use of the" patent cluster(专利群)". A firm keen to defend its drug due to go off-patent may file dozens or hundreds of new patents, often of dubious merit, to confuse and terrify potential copycats and maintain its monopoly. An unnamed drugs firm once took out 1,300 patents across the EU on a single drug. The report also suggests that out-of-court settlements between makers of patented drugs and generics firms may be a strategy used by the former to delay market entry by the latter.
    According to EU officials, such misdeeds have delayed the arrival of generic competition and the accompanying savings. On average, the report estimates, generics arrived seven months after a patented drug lost its protection, though where the drug was a big seller the lag was four months. The report says taxpayers paid about ￠ 3 billion more than they would have had the generics gone on sale immediately.
    But hang on a minute. Though many of the charges of bad behavior leveled at the patented-drugs industry by EU investigators may well be true, the report seems to let the generics industry off the hook(摆脱困境)too lightly. After all, if the drugs giants stand accused, in effect, of bribing opponents to delay the launch of cheap generics, shouldn’t the companies that accepted those "bribes" also share the blame?
Which of the following accords with the author’s view?
选项 A、Charges on patented-drug industry are anything but true.
B、Generics industry is a sheer victim in the competition.
C、Only drug giants are to blame.
D、Excluding generics industry from taking responsibility is questionable.
答案D
解析 观点态度题。由定位句可知，作者认为欧盟调查员们对专利药物行业的控诉是正确的，但不应让非专利制药行业太轻易地逃脱责任，因为它们有可能接受了专利药物行业的贿赂，因此作者认为非专利药物行业同样要对此承担责任，D)符合题意。由定位句可知，作者同意调查员们对专利药物行业的看法，A)中的anything but true的说法太绝对，故排除；作者认为非专利药物行业也应该承担责任。可见．它并不完全是个受害者，也不应该仅仅谴责制药大亨，故排除B)和C)。
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