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  3. Joseph Glatthaar’s Forged in Battle is not the first excellent study of Black soldiers and their White officers in the Civil War

Joseph Glatthaar’s Forged in Battle is not the first excellent study of Black soldiers and their White officers in the Civil War

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问题     Joseph Glatthaar’s Forged in Battle is not the first excellent study of Black soldiers and their White officers in the Civil War, but it uses more soldiers’ letters and diaries—including rare material from Black soldiers—and concentrates more intensely on Black-White relations in Black regiments than do any of its predecessors. Glatthaar’s title ex- presses his thesis: loyalty, friendship, and respect among White officers and Black soldiers were fostered by the mutual dangers they faced in combat.
    Glatthaar accurately describes the government’s discriminatory treatment of Black soldiers in pay, promotion, medical care, and job assignments, appropriately emphasizing the campaign by Black soldiers and their officers to get the opportunity to fight. That chance remained limited throughout the war by army policies that kept most Black units serving in rear-echelon assignments and working in labor battalions. Thus, while their combat death rate was only one-third that of White units, their mortality rate from disease, a major killer in this war, was twice as great. Despite these obstacles, the courage and effectiveness of several Black units in combat won increasing respect from initially skeptical or hostile White soldiers. As one White officer put it, "they have fought their way into the respect of all the army. "
    In trying to demonstrate the magnitude of this attitudinal change, however, Glatthaar seems to exaggerate the prewar racism of the White men who became officers in Black regiments. "Prior to the war," he writes of these men, "virtually all of them held powerful racial prejudices." While perhaps true of those officers who joined Black units for promotion or other self-serving motives, this statement misrepresents the attitudes of the many abolitionists who became officers in Black regiments. Having spent years fighting against the race prejudice endemic in American society, they participated eagerly in this military experiment, which they hoped would help African Americans achieve freedom and postwar civil equality. By current standards of racial egalitarian-ism , these men’ s paternalism toward African Americans was racist. But to call their feelings "powerful racial prejudices" is to indulge in generational chau- vinism—to judge past eras by present standards.
Which of the following best describes the kind of error attributed to Glatthaar in lines 38 - 40?
选项 A、Insisting on an unwarranted distinction between two groups of individuals in order to render an argument concerning them internally consistent.
B、Supporting an argument in favor of a given interpretation of a situation with evidence that is not particularly relevant to the situation.
C、Presenting a distorted view of the motives of certain individuals in order to provide grounds for a negative evaluation of their actions.
D、Describing the conditions prevailing before a given event in such a way that the contrast with those prevailing after the event appears more striking than it actually is.
E、Asserting that a given event is caused by another event merely because the other event occurred before the given event occurred.
答案D
解析 哪一个描述了Glatthaar在L38—40的错误?据原文相应位置，Glatthaar为了强调白人军官在战争中对黑人士兵的态度转变，夸大了他们战前的种族主义思想。∴D正确。描述在一个事件以前的流行条件，用夸大了它和在这事件以后的流行条件对比度“contrast”的方式。A．“two groups of individuals”，文中无。B．用不适宜证据。无。C．前半句对，但后面“for a negative evaluation”错，作者并不想对这些白人军官负面评价。E．和这里叙述毫无关系。
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