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  3. Ours has become a society of employees. A hundred years or so ago only one out of every five Americans at work was employed, i.

Ours has become a society of employees. A hundred years or so ago only one out of every five Americans at work was employed, i.

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问题      Ours has become a society of employees. A hundred years or so ago only one out of every five Americans at work was employed, i. e. , worked for somebody else. Today only one out of five is not employed but working for himself. And when fifty years ago "being employed" meant working as a factory laborer or as a farmhand, the employee of today is increasingly a middle-class person with a substantial formal education, holding a professional or management job requiring intellectual and technical skills. Indeed, two things have characterized American society during these last fifty years: middle-class and upper-class employees have been the fastest growing groups in our working population--growing so fast that the industrial worker, that oldest child of the Industrial Revolution, has been losing in numerical importance despite the expansion of industrial production.
     Yet you will find little if anything written on what it is to be an employee. You can find a great deal of very dubious advice on how to get a job or how to get a promotion. You can also find a good deal of work in a chosen field, whether it be the mechanist’s trade or book-keeping(簿记). Every one of these trades requires different skills, sets different standards, and requires a different preparation. Yet they all have employeeship in common. And increasingly, especially in the large business or in government, employeeship is more important to success than the special professional knowledge or skill. Certainly more people fail because they do not know the requirements of being an employee than because they do not adequately possess the skills of their trade; the higher you climb the ladder, the more you get into administrative or executive work, the greater the emphasis on ability to work within the organization rather than on technical abilities or professional knowledge.
It is implied that fifty years ago ______.
选项 A、eighty per cent of American working people were employed in factories
B、twenty per cent of American intellectuals were employees
C、the percentage of intellectuals in the total work force was almost the same as that of industrial workers
D、the percentage of intellectuals working as employees was not so large as that of industrial workers
答案D
解析 推理题。本题问的是四个选项中哪一个是文章隐含的意思：是50年前“80%的美国劳动者受雇于工厂”(A项)，或是“20%的知识分子当雇员”(B项)，或是“劳动大军中知识分子所占比例与产业工人的比例不相上下”(C项)，还是“在受雇人员中知识分子的比例远小于产业工人”(D项)。纵观第一段便可得知，选项D是答案。
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