2. 外语
  3. If you want to run a company well, you should remember that there are four general policies to follow with employees. First,

If you want to run a company well, you should remember that there are four general policies to follow with employees. First,

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问题    If you want to run a company well, you should remember that there are four general policies to follow with employees.
   First, pay them what they are worth. When people begin with your company, they are rarely worth what they are paid, because you are investing in their future productivity. You should pay people low at the start, with higher payments once they are established and productive. And be open about the monetary value of the additional perks they get.
   Second, you should make employees feel important. Build them positively and openly when praise is deserved. Temper this with negative motivation, pointing out where minor shortcomings are diluting the success that could be enjoyed. Avoid complacency by keeping employees slightly off-balance.
   Third, make employees think for themselves. Sometimes by being nonspecific, you create the environment where employees adapt other ideas and learn how to apply them in the new situation.
   Fourth, separate office life from social life. It is impossible to let your hair down with someone one night, and come down hard on them the next day.
   You should also remember that if you have to fire employees, take a creative approach. Try to find a job for them somewhere else, and let the other company steal them away. However, if extreme action is called for, act decisively while respecting the feelings of the employee.
   Never expect from your employees anything that you are not willing to do yourself. It’s more than a clich—it is sound business practice.  
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答案如果你想将公司办好的话，你应该记住，对于员工的管理，有四项总原则可以遵循。 第一，根据员工的价值支付薪水。员工刚开始在你的公司工作时，几乎都不值得拿到你支付他们的工资，因为你在为他们未来的生产能力进行投资。所以开始时给他们的工资要低，但一旦他们有成就了，生产力强了，就要给他们加薪。另外，要让他们了解他们所享受的额外福利的货币价值。 第二，你要让员工觉得自己很重要。当员工值得表扬时，公开、正面地鼓励调动他们，但也需要加点负面的动力，指出哪些小缺点破坏了本可以获得的成功。为避免员工自负，可让他们稍微有些紧张感。 第三，让员工多动脑筋。有时故意含糊笼统，你却创造了这样一种环境：员工善于灵活修正其它想法，并学会将这些想法运用于新的情况。 第四，将公务和社交生活分开。如果你头一天晚上无拘无束地与某人相处，而第二天就要板着脸训他，这几乎是不可能的。 你还应该记住，如果你不得不开除员工，你的做法最好有些创意，看看能否帮他们在别的地方找一份工作，或让其它公司把他们挖走。然而，当你不得不采取严厉的措施时，你就得果断行动，同时也要尊重员工的感受。 对待员工，要做到己所不欲，勿施于人。这不只是陈词滥调，而是健康的行业规矩。
解析    本文是一篇关于公司如何管理员工的讲话。讲话人就员工的管理，提出了管理人员应当遵循的四项总原则。应试者需要依次记下这四条总原则的核心内容。
本文需要应试者掌握一些管理方面的基础知识、常用词汇，并在较短的时间内记下讲话的每一个要点；通过长难句中的连接词和讲话人的语音、语调的变化，分清层次；根据汉语表达习惯，切分长句、增减词汇、转换词类，使译文符合目的语的表达习惯。
   -基本素质采分点
   下面的单词、短语是这篇文章考查的基础知识点，涉及惯用表达和相关知识领域的专有名词等，是应试者理解、翻译的关键。
   1．general policy    总原则
   2．productivity    生产能力
   3．monetary value    货币价值
   4．additional perk    额外福利
   5．business practice    行业规矩
   -结构理解采分点
   下面是本文出现的长难句，要求应试者迅速理解句子大意，分析出句子中所包含的意群，转换成通顺、地道的目的语。在这个转换的过程中，应试者可以采取词类转换、语态转换、语序调整、增删词语、句子切分等翻译技巧。
   1．If you want to run a company well, you should remember that there are four general policies to follow with employees.
   原文句子结构分析如下：1)it引导的(条件状语从句)+(主句)；2)主句句子结构：(主语)you+(谓语)should remember+that引导的宾语从句；“there are four general policies to follow with employees”是宾语从句，处理其中的“with employees”时，需要采取增词译法，具体说明四原则是针对“员工的管理”的。
   2．When people begin with your company, they are rarely worth what they are paid, because you are investing in their future productivity.
   原句句子结构分析如下：1)when引导的时间状语从句+主句；2)主句中嵌入一个because引导的原因状语从句；3)原因状语从句结构：(主语)you+(谓语) are investing in+(宾语)productivity；翻译原因状语从句时，需要调整语序，将其中的宾语移至谓语前面。
   3．Sometimes by being nonspecific, you create the environment where employees adapt other ideas and learn how to apply them in the new situation.
   原句句子结构分析如下：1)(主语)you+(谓语)create+(宾语)environment +定语从句；2)定语从句的句子结构：(主语)employees+(谓语1)adapt+(宾语1)ideas+and+(谓语2)apply+(宾语2)them；“where”是引导定语从句的关系副词，翻译时，可以省略不译。
   4．However, if extreme action is called for, act decisively while respecting the feelings of the employee.
   原句句子结构分析如下：1)it引导的(条件状语从句)+主句；2)从句结构：(主语)extreme action+(谓语)is called for；3)主句结构；(主语省略)+(谓语)act+(方式状语)decisively；翻译时，需要进行语态转换，将从句中的被动语态，转换成主动语态，并根据上下文，判断并补充主语。
   5．Never expect from your employees anything that you are not willing to do yourself.
   原句句子结构分析如下：(主语省略)+(谓语)never expect+(宾语)anything +(定语从句)；目的语中有一个俗语与原句所表达的意思相同，翻译时，可以采用套译法，套用目的语中的俗语。
   -言语表达采分点
   应试者不仅需要从宏观上整体把握原文的结构、意思，还需要从微观上正确理解、表达一些重要短语、单词。
   1．follow with    遵循
   2．employee    员工
   3．negative motivation    负面的动力
   4．minor shortcomings    小缺点
   5．keep...slightly off-balance    让……有些紧张感
   6．adapt ideas    修正想法
   7．office life    公务
   8．creative approach    创意
   9．steal...away    将……挖走
   10．act decisively    果断行动
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