2. 外语
  3. An English-schoolboy would only ask his friend: "Wassa time, then?" To his teacher he would be much more likely to speak in a mo

An English-schoolboy would only ask his friend: "Wassa time, then?" To his teacher he would be much more likely to speak in a mo

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问题 An English-schoolboy would only ask his friend: "Wassa time, then?" To his teacher he would be much more likely to speak in a more standardized accent and ask: "Excuse me, sir, may I have the correct time please?" People are generally aware that the phrases and expressions they use are different from those of earlier generations; but they concede less that their own behavior also varies according to the situation in which they find themselves.
Not only this, but in many cases, the way someone speak affects the response of the person to whom he is speaking in such a way that "modeling" is seen to occur. This is what Michael Argyle has called "response matching". Several studies have shown that the more one reveals about oneself in ordinary conversation, and the more intimate these details are, the more personal secrets the other person will let out.
Response matching has, in fact, been noted between two speakers in a number of ways, including how long someone speaks, the length of pauses, speech rate and voice loudness. The correspondence between the length of reporters’ questions when interviewing President Bush, and the length of his replies has been shown to increase over the duration of his 2005-2007 news conferences. Argyle says this process may be one of imitation. Two American researchers, Jaffe and Feldstein, prefer to think of it as the speaker’s need for balance. Neither of these explanations seems particularly convincing. It may be that response matching can be more profitably considered as an unconscious reflection of speakers’ needs for social integration with one another.
This process of modeling the other person’s speech in a conversation could also be termed speech convergence (聚合). It may only be one aspect of a much wider speech change. In other situations, speech divergence (分离) may occur when certain factors encourage a person to modify his speech away from the individual he is dealing with. For example, a retried general’s wife, renowned for her continuous snobbishness (势利), may return her vehicle to the local garage because of inadequate servicing, voicing her complaint in elaborately phrased, yet mechanically unsophisticated language, with a high soft-pitched voice. These superior airs and graces may simply make the mechanic reply with a flourish of almost incomprehensible technical terms, and in a louder, more deeply lowered voice than he would have used with a less angry customer.
选项 A、English schoolboys respect teachers more than they respect their friends
B、young people have different ways to ask time from the previous generations
C、younger generations vary their speeches more than the previous generations
D、even the same person will speak in different ways in different contexts
答案D
解析 由题干中的The example of the English schoolboy定位到原文首段前两句An English schoolboy would only ask his friend: "Wassa time, then?" To his teacher he would much... and ask... the correct time please?[精析] 推理判断题[考频：66]。原文首段最后转折词but所引导的句子说，但是他们很少承认他们自己的行为也会根据他们所处的环境发生变化。这里的“行为”就是上文例子中的讲话，由此可以推知，英国学生的例子是为了表明同一个人也会在不同的环境中使用不同的方式讲话。故D)为正确答案。[避错] 原文只是提及了两种不同话语，并没有对其尊重性进行对比，排除A)“英国学生尊重老师胜过朋友”；原文只是说“通常说来人们都清楚他们用的词语和表达方式与以前的几代人不同”，并没有明确年轻人间时间的方式与上一代的不同，故排除B)“比起上一代人，年轻人有不同的问时间的方式”，原文只是提及“他们用的词语和表达方式与以前的几代人不同”，没有对话语转化的频度进行比较，故排除C)“年轻人比上一代人更易转化话语”。
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