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  3. 1 The field of economics studies the basic problems that every economy must face: what goods will be produced and for whom they

1 The field of economics studies the basic problems that every economy must face: what goods will be produced and for whom they

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问题 1 The field of economics studies the basic problems that every economy must face: what goods will be produced and for whom they will be produced. The underlying assumptions of the field are that resources are scarce, or at least limited, and that not all human needs and desires can be met. How to allocate limited resources in the fairest and most efficient way is a principal concern of economists.
2 Two major branches of economics are macroeconomics and microeconomics. Macroeconomics is concerned with how a national or regional economy behaves as a whole. It analyzes aggregate data in such areas as the gross national product, general price levels, and total employment. Macroeconomists examine how national income, output, consumption, inflation, and investment influence each other, and try to determine why any imbalance among them occurs. They develop models to explain the interplay of forces and to make economic forecasts. Governments use macroeconomic models to guide the creation and evaluation of economic policy. Large corporations use macroeconomic models in developing their business strategy.
3 Microeconomics is mainly focused on economic activity in the individual case, whether it is a single firm, commodity, or group of consumers. It studies how individuals, households, and companies make decisions to allocate limited resources. It is especially interested in what determines the price levels of goods and services in specific markets. Moreover, it analyzes market failure by examining where and why markets fail to produce efficient results.
It can be inferred from the passage that the field of economics
选项 A、has developed models that can be used in other fields
B、considers nations to be more important than individuals
C、looks at patterns in production and consumption
D、assumes that all human behavior can be explained
答案C
解析 You can infer that the field of economics looks at patterns in production and consumption. Clues:... what goods will be produced and for whom they will be produced; ...gross national product...; ...output, consumption...; ...models to explain the interplay of forces...;... examining where and why markets fail to produce efficient results.
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