Abraham Maslow asserts that all human have basic needs and that these needs can be arranged in a hierarchy, that is, people don’

Abraham Maslow asserts that all human have basic needs and that these needs can be arranged in a hierarchy, that is, people don’t(36)concern themselves with higher-level needs until lower-level needs are satisfied. Maslow termed the two levels of needs at the bottom of the hierarchy physiological(生理的)needs and safety needs. People’s physiological needs are for air, water, and food. Their safety needs are for security and(37)protection. Maslow called these two levels survival needs; satisfaction of these needs is necessary for basic human(38)existence.
    Once survival needs are(39)fulfilled, the higher-level needs which are called psychological needs the need to belong. the need for esteem, and the need for self-actualization become(40)Increasingly important. These needs may affect people’s group memberships throughout their lives.
    Once people have satisfied their basic survival. physiological and safety needs, they turn their(41)attraction to a social or belongingness need. People need to feel that they are a part of some groups. Relationships such as friendships, romantic(42)attachments and families help satisfy this need for companionship and acceptance, as does involvement in social, community or(43)religious groups.
    After the first three needs have been satisfied, esteem need becomes more important. (44)They need to feel not only that they are accepted, but also that they are worthwhile and valued by others.
    Finally, people have a need for self-actualization. This need differs from the first four needs. The former needs(45)are called deficiency needs because individuals perceive them as a void to fill by drawing on the resources of other people. Self-actualization is called a being need, which involves people trying to be all that they can be and living life to be fullest. (46)They are ready to function as autonomous beings, operating independently in quest of their own full potential.