首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Ever since the early days of modern computing in the 1940s, the biological metaphor has been irresistible. The first computers—r
Ever since the early days of modern computing in the 1940s, the biological metaphor has been irresistible. The first computers—r
admin
2019-09-25
77
问题
Ever since the early days of modern computing in the 1940s, the biological metaphor has been irresistible. The first computers—room-size behemoths—were referred to as "giant brains" or " electronic brains," in headlines and everyday speech. As computers improved and became capable of some tasks familiar to humans, like playing chess, the term used was "artificial intelligence". DNA, it is said, is the original software.
For the most part, the biological metaphor has long been just that—a simplifying analogy rather than a blueprint for how to do computing. Engineering, not biology, guided the pursuit of artificial intelligence. As Frederick Jelinek, a pioneer in speech recognition, put it, "airplanes don’t flap their wings. "
Yet the principles of biology are gaining ground as a tool in computing. The shift in thinking results from advances in neuroscience and computer science, and from the prod of necessity.
The physical limits of conventional computer designs are within sight—not today or tomorrow, but soon enough. Nanoscale circuits cannot shrink much further. Today’ s chips are power hogs, running hot, which curbs how much of a chip’ s circuitry can be used. These limits loom as demand is accelerating for computing capacity to make sense of a surge of new digital data from sensors, online commerce, social networks, video streams and corporate and government databases.
To meet the challenge, without gobbling the world ’ s energy supply, a different approach will be needed. And biology, scientists say, promises to contribute more than metaphors. " Every time we look at this, biology provides a clue as to how we should pursue the frontiers of computing," said John E. Kelly, the director of research at IBM.
Dr. Kelly points to Watson, the question-answering computer that can play "Jeopardy!" and beat two human champions earlier this year. IBM’s clever machine consumes 85, 000 watts of electricity, while the human brain runs on just 20 watts. "Evolution figured this out," Dr. Kelly said.
Several biologically inspired paths are being explored by computer scientists in universities and corporate laboratories worldwide. One project, a collaboration of computer scientists and neuroscientists begun three years ago has been encouraging enough that in August it won a $21 million round of government financing. In recent months, the team has developed prototype "neurosynaptic" microprocessors, or chips that operate more like neurons and synapses than like conventional semiconductors.
Questions 56 ~ 60
Complete the table using no more than three words for each blank.
选项
答案
biology
解析
文章第二段提到,“引导人们追求人工智能的是工程学,而不是生物学”。而“飞机不会拍打翅膀”是在说生物学无法解释计算。故填入biology。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/py8K777K
本试题收录于:
B类竞赛(英语专业本科专科)题库大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)分类
0
B类竞赛(英语专业本科专科)
大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)
相关试题推荐
ABCDEFGHWhichletteristwototheleftoftheletterimmediatelytotherightoftheletterthatisthreetotherightofthe
Fewwordsaremorecommonlyusedinourmodernworldthanthewordmodernitself.Themodernityofmanufacturedarticles,ofins
DemographicindicatorsshowthatAmericansinthepostwarperiodweremoreeagerthanevertoestablishfamilies.Theyquickly
DemographicindicatorsshowthatAmericansinthepostwarperiodweremoreeagerthanevertoestablishfamilies.Theyquickly
Whichofthefiguresbelowthelineofdrawingsbestcompletestheseries?
SupposeyouareLiMing.Youareafreshmanandplanningtoapplyforabankloan.Pleasewritealetterof120wordstotheban
【B1】______Nochildimitateseveryactionhesees.Sometimes,theexampletheparentwantshimtofollowisignoredwhilehetake
中国经济发展潜力大、优势足、空间广,前景光明。【T1】我们有9亿多劳动力,其中1.7亿多受过高等教育或有专业技能。(非限制性定语从句)每年大学毕业生700多万,中职毕业生500多万。【T2】科技人员数量世界第一,研发投入(R&Dinput)世界第
Writeareportonaclassofstudentsbuyingbooksbetween2005and2015.Writeatleast120words.Writethereportontheanswer
由于我们实行了改革开放政策,我国的综合国力有了明显的增强。
随机试题
三叉神经痛最常发生的部位是三叉神经的
病人因外伤造成左上中切牙横折露髓,经根管治疗后,欲行桩冠修复桩冠修复时一般要求根尖区保留多长的根管充填材料
男,28岁。颌面部受击打3小时。口腔检查:下颌颏部软组织红肿,口腔内外未见创口,咬合关系无异。下颌正位片示下颌颏部正中有骨折线影像。正确的固定方法是
引起呼吸系统疾病最常见的病因是
风荷载对高层建筑是一种主要的荷载,下列建筑形状中,风荷载体型系数最小的是()
甲公司拟收购乙上市公司的部分股份。如无相反证据,下列选项中,属于甲公司一致行动人的有()。
我国教育改革和发展的战略主题是()。
阅读材料,回答问题。 材料一欧洲无产阶级可以说,它的科学是由两位学者和战士创造的,他们的关系超过了古人关于人类友谊的一切最动人的传说。——一列宁 材料二工人革命的第一步就是使无产阶级上升为统治阶级,争得民主。让统治阶级在共产主义革命面前发抖吧。无产者在
社会主义法治理念内涵中的根本保证是()。
下图是校园网一台主机在命令行模式执行某个命令时用sniffer捕获的数据包。请根据图中信息回答下列问题。(1)从该主机发送给mail.tj.edu.cn的数据包经过的第二个路由器的IP地址是[1]。(2)图中的①~③删除
最新回复
(
0
)