首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The idea that science can, and should, be run according to fixed and universal rules, is both unrealistic and pernicious. (81) I
The idea that science can, and should, be run according to fixed and universal rules, is both unrealistic and pernicious. (81) I
admin
2011-03-05
46
问题
The idea that science can, and should, be run according to fixed and universal rules, is both unrealistic and pernicious. (81)
It is unrealistic, for it takes too simple a view of the talents of man and of the circumstances which encourage, or cause, their development.
And it is pernicious, for the attempt to enforce the rules is bound to increase our professional qualifications at the expense of our humanity. (82)
In addition, the idea is detrimental to science, for it neglects the complex physical and historical conditions which influence scientific change.
It makes our science less adaptable and more dogmatic: every methodological rule is associated with cosmological assumptions, so that using the rule we take it for granted that the assumptions are correct. Naive falsificationism takes it for granted that the laws of nature are manifest and not hidden beneath disturbances of considerable magnitude. (83)
Empiricism takes it for granted that sense experience is a better mirror of the world than pure thought. Praise of" argument takes it for granted that the artifices of Reason give better results than the unchecked play of our emotions.
Such assumptions may be perfectly plausible and even true. Still, one should occasionally put them to a test. Putting them to a test means that we stop using the methodology associated with them, start doing science in a different way and see what happens. Case studies such as those reported in the preceding chapters show that such tests occur all the time, and that they speak against the universal validity of any rule. (84)
All methodologies have their limitations and the only "rule" that survives is "anything goes. "
(85)
The change of perspective brought about by these discoveries leads once more to the long- forgotten problem of the excellence of science. It leads to it for the first time in modern history, for modem science overpowered its opponents, it did not convince them.
Science took over by force, not by argument (this is especially true of the former colonies where science and the religion of brotherly love were introduced as a matter of course, and without consulting, or arguing with, the inhabitants). Today we realize that rationalism, being bound to science, cannot give us any assistance in the issue between science and myth and we also know that myths are vastly better than rationalists have dared to admit. Thus we are now forced to raise the question of the excellence of science.
选项
答案
此外,这一观点对科学本身也是有害的,因为它忽略了那些对科学变化有影响的复杂物理和历史条件。
解析
(本句翻译不难,按照常规顺序译即可。be detrimental to对…有害。)
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/qEyK777K
本试题收录于:
A类竞赛(研究生)题库大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)分类
0
A类竞赛(研究生)
大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)
相关试题推荐
(81)Thetwentiethcentury,perhapsmorethananyother,markedaperiodwherearchitectsexperimentedwithformandtooktheiri
Winecanbemadewithredgrapesorwhitegrapes,and,especiallyinthecaseofredwines,anumberofdoctorshavereportedth
CollegeofEngineering,MathematicsandPhysicalScienceHarrisonBuildingStreathamCampusUniversityofExeterExeterUKEX44
【T1】我希望这个新学年成为对我的学生们有益的一年。(want…tobe)他们会在新学年学习很多东西,包括微积分、莎士比亚和失败。没错,就是失败。根据多种流传的说法,梭罗是个失败者。这位哈佛毕业生似乎把自己的大部分时间都用来在瓦尔登湖畔家
Rearrangethefollowingtoformtwoconnectedwords.TOUGHDUNFACETIKUR
DevelopingEnvironmentalManagementStrategiesStrongandsustainableeconomicactivitydependsonhealthyenvironmentalman
尽管他们谈和平,但却从不采取措施来缓和紧张局势。(forall)
Ifitweretwohourslater,itwouldbehalfaslonguntilmidnightasitwouldbeifitwereanhourlater.Whattimeisitnow
A、OnThursday.B、OnTuesday.C、OnFriday.Barrest.逮捕。
A、Hedoesn’twanttohelp.B、Heisn’tabletowork.C、He’llhelpthewomanlater.D、He’dliketoworkhere.A男士说:“让我帮你?你觉得我是这里的工
随机试题
在任何一次测量中,看测量结果能否达到预期的目的,主要取决于所应用的______。
MHT禁忌证包括()。
近年来的国有企业改革中引人注目的一点是引进了职工持股制度,根据2008年国务院国资委发布的《关于规范国有企业职工持股、投资的意见》,下列关于国企改制中职工持股的说法、做法错误的是()。
下列税种中,()的税收负担较易转嫁。
甲公司为一家国内上市公司,其2012年~2014年投资业务如下:(1)2012年1月1日购入乙公司当日发行的债券60万份,面值为100元/份,票面利率为8%,每年末支付利息,到期还本。甲公司共支付价款5680万元,另支付交易费用21.52万元。甲公司
甲公司期末原材料的账面余额为200万元,数量为10吨。该原材料专门用于生产与乙公司所签合同约定的20台Y产品。该合同约定:甲公司为乙公司提供Y产品20台,每台售价20万元(不含增值税,本题下同)。将该原材料加工成20台Y产品尚需加工成本总额为190万元。估
幼儿园为了便于家长了解幼儿在园的活动情况,最适宜采取的家庭教育指导形式是()
“孟母三迁”的故事反映了环境对人身心发展的决定作用。()
公文落款处所标明的日期一般是指()。
试述资本资产定价模型与套利定价模型的异同。
最新回复
(
0
)