2. 外语
  3. Every body gets sick. Disease and injury make us suffer throughout our lives until, finally, some attack on the body brings our

Every body gets sick. Disease and injury make us suffer throughout our lives until, finally, some attack on the body brings our

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问题    Every body gets sick. Disease and injury make us suffer throughout our lives until, finally, some attack on the body brings our existence to an end. Fortunately, most of us in modern industrialized societies can take relatively good health for granted most of the time, In fact, we tend to fully realize the importance of good health only when we or those close to us become seriously ill. At such times we keenly appreciate the ancient truth that health is our most precious asset, one for which we might readily give up such rewards as power, wealth, or fame (荣誉).
   Because ill health is a universal problem, affecting both the individual and society, the human response to sickness is always, socially organized. No society leaves the responsibility for maintaining health and treating ill health entirely to the individual. Each society develops its own concepts of health and sickness and authorizes certain people to decide who is sick and how the sick should be treated. Around this focus there arises, over time, a number of standards, values, groups, statuses, and roles: in other words, an institution (体系，机构). To the sociologist (社会学家), then, medicine is the institution concerned with the maintenance of health and treatment of disease.
   In the simplest pre-industrial societies, medicine is usually an aspect of religion. The social arrangements for dealing with sickness are very elementary, often involving only two roles: the sick and the healer (治疗者). The latter is typically also the priest (牧师), who relies primarily on religious ceremonies, both to identify and to treat disease: for example, bones may be thrown to establish a cause, songs may be used to bring about a cure. In modern industrialized societies, on the other hand, the institution has become highly complicated and specialized, including dozens of roles such as those of brain surgeon, druggist, hospital administrator, linked with various organizations such as nursing homes, insurance companies, and medical schools. Medicine. in fact, has become the subject of intense sociological interest precisely because it is now one of the most pervasive and costly institutions of. modern society.
In Paragraph 2, we learn that the sociologist regards medicine as ______.
选项 A、a system whose purpose is to treat disease and keep people healthy
B、a universal problem that affects every society
C、a social responsibility to treat ill health
D、a science that focuses on the treatment of disease
答案A
解析 根据原文To the sociologist，then，medicine is the institution concerned with the maintenance of health and treatment of disease 可知，“对社会学家来说，医疗就是负责维护健康和治疗疾病的体系(institution 或system)”，而不仅仅是一种社会责任(social responsibility)或科学(science)，因此[A]正确，[C]、[D]错误。原文中并没有说社会学家把medicine看成是ill health is universal problem，因此[B] 错误。
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