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  3. What are the roads not taken because students must take out loans for college? For one thing, it appears that people with studen

What are the roads not taken because students must take out loans for college? For one thing, it appears that people with studen

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问题    What are the roads not taken because students must take out loans for college? For one thing, it appears that people with student loans are less likely to start businesses of their own. A new study has found that areas with higher relative growth in student debt show lower growth in the formation of small businesses.
   The correlation makes sense. People normally have only a certain amount of "debt capacity" . When students use up their "debt capacity" on student loans, they can’t commit it elsewhere. Given the importance of an entrepreneur’s personal debt capacity in financing a startup business, student loan debt, which cannot be discharged via bankruptcy, can have lasting effects later in life and may impact the ability of future small-business owners to raise capital. Considering that 60 percent of jobs are created by small business, "if you shut down the ability to create new businesses, you’re going to harm the economy," said Brent Ambrose, a professor of risk management at Pennsylvania State University.
   Student loan debt also appears to be affecting homeownership trends. According to research by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, fewer 30-year-olds in general have bought homes since the recession, but the decline has been steeper for people with a history of student loan debt and has continued even as the housing market has recovered.
   Student loan debt may also affect career choices. Having a college loan appears to reduce the likelihood that people will choose a low-paying public-interest job, according to a 2011 study by Jesse Rothstein of the University of California, Berkeley, and Cecilia Elena Rouse of Princeton.
   They arrived at their conclusion by studying a well-off university that began meeting students’ financial needs through a combination of work-study money and grants, and dispensing with loans altogether.
   Before the new policy started in the early 2000s, students were more likely to choose well-paid professions like investment banking and consulting. After the policy took effect, more students chose jobs in areas like teaching and the nonprofit sector.
   In many cases, the choices that student borrowers make are just common sense, based on the financial realities they face. If society wants to change the skewing effect of student loans, some tough decisions about allocating educational resources may well lie ahead.

What’s the focus of the passage?
选项 A、A recent research about student debt.
B、The ripple effects of student debt.
C、Rules of applying loans in colleges.
D、Career choice of contemporary youth.
答案B
解析 主旨题。本题考查文章主旨。文章一开始就讲到学生贷款会影响小企业的发展，然后又讲到学生贷款还会影响到购房率，接着用一个实验研究来表明，学生贷款与学生就业选择之间有着密切联系，即背负贷款压力的人会选择收人高的职业，而当这种压力移除后，有相当一部分人会选择非营利性的职业。由此可知，文章的主旨是要说明学生贷款带给人们和社会的各种影响。B项“学生贷款的涟漪反应”是对文章主旨最全面的总结，因此B项为正确答案。
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