首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Urbanization and City Infrastructure Urbanization is defined as the increase in a city’s population over time and can occur
Urbanization and City Infrastructure Urbanization is defined as the increase in a city’s population over time and can occur
admin
2013-04-25
55
问题
Urbanization and City Infrastructure
Urbanization is defined as the increase in a city’s population over time and can occur due to a variety of factors including the natural expansion of a city’s population, the conversion of a rural area to an urban one, or the migration to urban areas by those who previously inhabited rural environments.
(A) Urbanization is an ever-increasing trend; one that can be observed in areas throughout the world as economies begin to rely more on manufacturing and business for revenue.
(B) Working and living in large cities is gradually replacing the traditional rural careers such as small-scale agriculture.
(C) It is estimated that within the next century, more than half of the world’s citizens will reside in cities.
(D)
While some cities are planned, most cities are organic, meaning that urbanization in these areas takes place with little or no advanced planning. While the increase in urban areas and its population has yielded positive effects such as an increased concentration of businesses and more career opportunities, researchers have also discovered a host of detrimental effects on the areas in transformation from rural areas to urban centers.
The concerns about urbanized areas worldwide differ somewhat in their relative importance, but many cite traffic congestion, inadequate public transportation, insufficient waste disposal facilities, inadequate solid waste collection, and a lack of water and sewage treatment facilities as primary concerns. One hundred years ago in Australia, the commute from Paramatta to the center of Sydney took approximately an hour by horse and cart. Today, the same trip in a car takes longer. Opponents of unplanned urbanization have also pointed out the destruction of agricultural land and animal habitat as a negative consequence of urbanization.
Many of these problems could be eliminated, or at least mitigated, through the construction and maintenance of appropriate city infrastructure. Although the term is somewhat ambiguous, it was traditionally understood to mean roads and sewers. However, the U.S. National Research Council opted to widen the definition of public works infrastructure to refer to roads, bridges, mass transit systems, and water and waste management systems.
Chief among the concerns of city dwellers is the issue of traffic jams and general congestion, and the corresponding difficulty in navigating the streets of any large urban area. Appropriate infrastructure, however, could serve as a useful tool in curtailing this problem. Two factors that exacerbate traffic congestion in a typical city are narrow streets and a lack of off-road parking, which would force many workers to park on the side of the road. Several solutions to the excessive traffic in urban areas have been proposed. Firstly, the construction of bypasses would eliminate the amount of traffic in the downtown areas, as travelers could use faster, more direct routes to arrive at their destination. Parking concerns could be addressed by constructing parking garages consisting of several stories. In this way, many cars could be stored in a relatively small amount of space.
Closely related to the previous problem is the issue of inadequate public transportation. People will choose to ride buses; however, the system must be efficient and reliable. The establishment of a variety of mass transit systems such as subways, buses, and ferries could provide a feasible alternative to those that use their own vehicles to travel to their jobs in the city.
Many cities have concerns about the problems involving waste collection and disposal. Along with education about waste diversion techniques such as composting and recycling, the development of city infrastructure can play a key role in ensuring adequate waste treatment. This would include the construction of easily accessible recycling facilities and appropriately placed composting facilities. In addition, urban areas should ensure there is a citywide transit system in place to collect solid waste.
Finally, citizens in many urban areas have concerns regarding sewage treatment plants and water treatment facilities. The development of such facilities in an acceptable area, typically in a location outside of the city, could effectively deal with these concerns. Not only would this infrastructure improve the health of the citizens, but it would also benefit the environment by reducing the amount of pollution in the form of sewage entering water sources.
The word "ambiguous" in the passage is closest in meaning to
选项
A、undecided.
B、recent.
C、difficult.
D、equivocal.
答案
D
解析
词汇题 ambiguous的意思是“含糊不清的,不明确的”,因此选项中equivocal(含糊的)与其意思最接近。很多考试里都会出现ambiguous这个词。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/rKyO777K
0
托福(TOEFL)
相关试题推荐
Completethesummarybelow.UseNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.PROJECTMANAGENTLastweek’sdefinitionofpro
TheproblemthatConstableGraydescribesis
CompletetheStudentProfilebelow.UseNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSORANUMBERforeachanswer.STUDENTPROFILE-GRISHAMCO
Completethefollowingsentences.UseNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.Thespeakeridentifiesthefollowingtwo
Completethenotesbelow.WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.ResearchTopic-InstantMessagingaddictio
SECTION1Questions1-10Questions1-6Completetheformbelow.WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSorANUMBERforeachanswer.E
SECTION3Questions21-30Completethenotesbelow.WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSorANUMBERforeachanswer.Procedurefor
CompletethefollowingnotesaboutthethreecateringcompaniesBobandCindydiscuss.ParisKitchen•lackofvarietyoffood•
Bilingualismcanbedefinedashavinganequallevelofcommunicative______intwoormorelanguages.
Bilingualismcanbedefinedashavinganequallevelofcommunicative______intwoormorelanguages.
随机试题
有一片矩形空地,已知一条边长为20米,另一边长为整数米。该矩形空地周长小于100米,面积大于550平方米。现须在矩形空地边界上种树,要求两棵树苗沿边界线间距大于等于5米(两棵树如在拐角两边,间距为分别到顶点的距离相加),则最多需要准备多少棵树苗?(
组织文化把组织中的个体看成是
骨巨细胞瘤的好发部位是软骨母细胞瘤的好法部位是
A.消耗性凝血障碍B.某些凝血因子合成减少C.血管壁变态反应D.Ⅷ因子缺乏E.抗凝物质合成增多过敏性紫癜
治疗婴幼儿腹泻伤食证,应首选()
历史文化遗产保护规划管理,是保证文物保护单位、历史文化名城、历史文化街区和历史文化村镇按照规划做好保护工作的关键,其中历史文化名城保护规划的内容不包括()
工程监理人员认为工程( ),有权要求建筑施工企业改正。
有人认为:“过去五千年的中华通史,实是一部帝王专制史;而今后的中华通史,将是一部民主政治史。”在“从专制到民主”的历史转型中,可以作为开端的事件是()。
当代中国社会受到多种法律文化的影响,其中影响最大的是()。
工具箱中有些工具的属性会显示在上下文相关的工具属性栏中,通过Photoshop提供的这些工具可以进行文字的编辑、图像的选择、绘画、绘制,还可以进行颜色的取样、编辑、移动、注释和查看图像。通过工具箱中的另一部分工具,还可以更改前景色/背景色、转到Adobe
最新回复
(
0
)