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  3. The deterioration of the environment, both physically and aesthetically, is most apparent in our cities. The dehumanizing effect

The deterioration of the environment, both physically and aesthetically, is most apparent in our cities. The dehumanizing effect

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问题     The deterioration of the environment, both physically and aesthetically, is most apparent in our cities. The dehumanizing effects of life in the slums and ghettoes particularly, where there is little hope for improving conditions, have often been cited as contributing causes of urban rioting and disturbances. Crime rates usually reach their peak in these neighborhoods. Such symptoms of general psychological maladjustment suggest that modern cities provide a less than ideal environment for human beings.
    These seems to be abundant evidence that traditional cultural patterns break down in cities, and also that the high numbers of contacts with individuals, not part of one’s circle of regular social acquaintances may lead to mental disturbance(defined hen; merely as behavior generally considered "disturbed" by the majority of the society). It is important to note that antisocial behavior and "mental illness" are found in all cultures, and that indeed the same disorders recognized by Western psychiatrists are found even in primitive peoples. Therefore, we can be reasonably certain that lack of an evolutionarily "natural" environment is not the sole cause of such behavior. Nevertheless, that lack may well serve to aggravate the problems of people living in our most crowded, smoggy, and impersonal metropolises.
    Stanford psychologist P. G Zimbardo has concluded that urban pressures are transforming Americans into potential assassins. He based his conclusions on experimental studies of the connection between anonymity and aggression, and on field studies of vandalism. He noted an estimated 230 violent urban out-breaks in the period 1964- 1969. and reported that in 1967 vandals in New York city alone wrecked 360,000 pay telephones, broke 202,719 school windows, and did damage to parks and transit systems costing come $850,000. Cars were abandoned on streets of a large city(New York)and a small one(Palo Alto, California), and secretly watched to see if there was a difference in vandalism between the two localities. The New York car was virtually demolished within three days by 23 separate attacks by looters and vandals, nearly all in view of passersby and during the daytime, the Palo Alto car was not molested for more than a week. How much(if any)of such behavior might be reduced if density were lowered is unknown, but at least the anecdotal evidence seems to indicate that high density is a factor in such problems. Crime rates are some five times as high in urban as in rural area. Though some of this difference may be due to disparities in reporting, not all of it can be explained on this basis. Rates for violent crimes have been shown to be positively correlated with actual population densities in American cities. This general correlation held for statistics taken in three different years, 1940, 1950, and 1960, in the same cities. The rises in assault and robbery with higher density were particularly striking, although murder and rape both also reflected the trend. Robbery is the only one of the four that does not most commonly occur between acquaintances. Interestingly, crime rates in the suburbs have been rising in the past few years, especially among teenagers from relatively affluent areas, although their crimes are more often acts against property than crimes of violence.
The writer holds that______.
选项 A、deterioration of the environment in a modern city will make it unfit for people to live in
B、lack of an "natural" environment results in antisocial behavior and "mental illness"
C、deterioration of environment in a metropolis plays a certain role in causing high crime rates
D、vandalism and other violent outbreaks will never disappear in most crowded metropolises
答案B
解析 本题为分析推理题。根据文章第二段“Therefore，we can be reasonably certain that lack of anevolutionarily“natural”environment is…in our most crowded．smoggy,and impersonal metropolises．”可知，作者认为缺少与“自然”环境接触的机会使得“mental illness”更加严重。B选项符合原文意思。文中并未提及环境恶化使得城市不适合于人类居住，属无中生有。文中说人口过密是导致暴力出现的一个因素，但并没有提及环境恶化对高犯罪率起到了一定作用，因此C选项排除。D选项与原文意思正好相反。因此，B选项为正确选项。
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