2. 考研
  3. Scientific papers are the recordkeepers of progress in research. Each year researchers publish millions of papers in more than 3

Scientific papers are the recordkeepers of progress in research. Each year researchers publish millions of papers in more than 3

admin2023-03-14  1
问题     Scientific papers are the recordkeepers of progress in research. Each year researchers publish millions of papers in more than 30,000 journals. The scientific community measures the quality of those papers in a number of ways, including the perceived quality of the journal (as reflected by the title’s impact factor) and the number of citations a specific paper accumulates. The careers of scientists and the reputation of their institutions depend on the number and prestige of the papers they produce, but even more so on the citations attracted by these papers.
    In recent years, there have been several episodes of scientific fraud, including completely made-up data, massaged or doctored figures, multiple publications of the same data, theft of complete articles, plagiarism of text, and self-plagiarism. And some scientists have come up with another way to artificially boost the number of citations to their work.
    Citation cartels, where journals, authors, and institutions conspire to inflate citation numbers, have existed for a long time. In 2016, researchers developed an algorithm to recognize suspicious citation patterns, including groups of authors that disproportionately cite one another and groups of journals that cite each other frequently to increase the impact factors of their publications. Recently, another expression of this predatory behavior has emerged: so-called support service consultancies that provide language and other editorial support to individual authors and to journals that sometimes advise contributors to add a number of citations to their articles and the articles of colleagues. Some of these consultancies are also active in organizing conferences and can advise that citations be added to conference proceedings. In this manner, a single editor can drive hundreds of citations in the direction of his own articles or those of colleagues that may be in his circle.
    The advent of electronic publishing and authors’ need to find outlets for their papers resulted in thousands of new journals. The birth of predatory journals wasn’t far behind. These journals can act as milk cows where every single article in an issue may cite a specific paper or a series of papers. In some instances, there is absolutely no relationship between the content of the article and the citations. The peculiar part is that the journal that the editor is supposedly working for is not profiting at all—it is just providing citations to other journals. Such practices can lead an article to accrue more than 150 citations in the same year that it was published.
    How insidious is this type of citation manipulation? In one example, an individual— acting as author, editor, and consultant—was able to use at least 15 journals as citation providers to articles published by five scientists at three universities. The problem is rampant in Scopus, a citation database, which includes a high number of the new "international" journals. In fact, a listing in Scopus seems to be a criterion to be targeted in this type of citation manipulation.
    Scopus itself has all the data necessary to detect this malpractice. Red flags include a large number of citations to an article within the first year. And for authors who wish to steer clear of citation cartel activities: when an editor, a reviewer, or a support service asks you to add inappropriate references, do not oblige and do report the request to the journal.
According to Paragraph 1, the careers of scientists can be determined by_________.
选项 A、how many citations their works contain
B、how many times their papers are cited
C、the prestige of the people they work with
D、the status they have in scientific circles
答案B
解析 根据题干中的Paragraph 1以及the careers of scientists定位到第一段，其中提到“科学家的职业生涯及其机构的声誉取决于其所写的论文的数量和论文的知名度，但更重要的是取决于这些论文的引用次数”，选项B为文中内容的同义转换，因此为正确答案。A选项是对文中内容the number of 以及the citations attracted by these papers内容的曲解，故排除。文中提到的是 prestige of the papers（论文的知名度），而不是选项C所说的 the prestige of the people they work with（与之共事的人的知名度），这属于偷换概念，故排除C选项。D选项属于无中生有，文中并未提到status 以及 scientific circles，故排除 D 选项。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/rOMD777K
0

考研英语一

相关试题推荐
随机试题
最新回复(0)