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  3. For those seeking to help the worst-off in poor countries, the mobile phone has been a magic wand. Mobile-money accounts have he

For those seeking to help the worst-off in poor countries, the mobile phone has been a magic wand. Mobile-money accounts have he

admin2022-11-16  181
问题     For those seeking to help the worst-off in poor countries, the mobile phone has been a magic wand. Mobile-money accounts have helped deliver "financial inclusion"—making financial services accessible to the tens of millions with a phone but no bank account. But they have downsides too.
    The most obvious way digital financial services harm poor people is by laying them more open to fraud. Research from 2016 cited in a new report by the Consultative Group to Assist the Poor (CGAP), a consortium of donors affiliated to the World Bank, found that in the Philippines 83％ of people surveyed had been targets of mobile-phone scams, with 17％ losing money. In Tanzania, 27％ had been targeted and 17％ fleeced; in Ghana, 56％ and 12％.
    For the most basic deceptions, a thief needs only a phone number. A text message might offer congratulations on winning a prize, requiring only a small contribution to unlock it. Your identity might be stolen to make you responsible for repaying a loan disbursed to somebody else. An impersonator might steal your mobile-money account when registering a new SIM card. Or your account’s security code—the pin—might be leaked by a mobile-money agent. The poor may be especially susceptible to such scams. They are more likely to be relatively new both to the online world and to formal financial services. And they are less likely to have smartphones with sophisticated security software.
    It is not just money that can be stolen. So too can all the other data stored on a phone. Often, however, much has already been given away freely by its owners. Many "free" apps are in fact paid for in customer data. In every country people gaily sign away their rights to privacy by clicking consent buttons without having understood or even read what they are agreeing to. But such data can also be abused. An algorithm might (by design or accident) be biased against certain borrowers because, say, of their race or creed.
    It is often assumed that the poor are relaxed about surrendering some privacy in return for access to borrowing and other services. In fact, concern about privacy is not a preserve of the rich. Research in India and Kenya has shown that even very poor borrowers would be willing to pay a higher interest rate—or join a much slower queue—for a loan that came with more guarantees that the data provided to the lender would be kept private.
The poor are more likely to be targeted in mobile-phone scams because of________.
选项 A、the hostility of thieves and impersonators
B、their credulous trait to deceptions
C、their greed for winning unexpected prizes
D、the insecure payment environment
答案D
解析 根据题干关键词be targeted in mobile—phone scams可定位到文章第二、三段。第二段主要是列举数据，真正的原因在第三段，先说明最基本的骗局成本极低，注册SIM卡时也有可能被盗取账户信息，甚至被移动货币代理机构泄露信息。再提到穷人对于网络世界和正规的金融服务了解相对太少，同时穷人还缺乏安装复杂安全软件的智能手机，因此更容易受骗。第六句是题干关键词的近义句(The poor may be especially susceptible to such scams)，说明穷人由于容易泄露信息的网络环境、认知环境和手机软件这类支付安全性原因才会被当作手机骗局的主要目标，由此可知，D项为正确答案。犯罪者固然是犯罪主体，但由文章第三段最后两句可知，犯罪分子盯上穷人的原因是穷人本身的一些劣势环境导致，故选项A排除；由第三段可知，穷人并不是太轻易相信骗局，而是环境导致他们对于骗局的识别和提防能力较弱，故B项应排除；文中没有提到穷人对于不义之财的态度，选项C属于无中生有，故排除。
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