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  3. The car has reshaped our cities. It seems to offer autonomy for everyone. There is something almost delightful in the detachment

The car has reshaped our cities. It seems to offer autonomy for everyone. There is something almost delightful in the detachment

admin2021-08-12  57
问题     The car has reshaped our cities. It seems to offer autonomy for everyone. There is something almost delightful in the detachment from reality of advertisements showing mass-produced cars marketed as symbols of individuality and of freedom when most of their lives will be spent making short journeys on choked roads.
    For all the fuss made about top speeds, cornering ability and acceleration, the most useful gadgets on a modern car are those which work when you’re going very slowly: parking sensors, sound systems, and navigation apps which will show a way around upcoming traffic jams. This seems to be one of the few areas where the benefit of sharing personal information comes straight back to the sharer: because these apps know where almost all the users are, and how fast they are moving almost all the time, they can spot traffic congestion (堵塞) very quickly and suggest ways round it.
    The problem comes when everyone is using a navigation app which tells them to avoid everyone else using the same gadget. Traffic jams often appear where no one has enough information to avoid them. When a lucky few have access to the knowledge, they will benefit greatly. But when everyone has perfect information, traffic jams simply spread onto the side roads that seem to offer a way round them.
    This new congestion teaches us two things. The first is that the promises of technology will never be realised as fully as we hope; they will be limited by their unforeseen and unintended consequences. Sitting in a more comfortable car in a different traffic jam is pleasant but hardly the liberation that once seemed to be promised. The second is that self-organisation will not get us where we want to go. The efforts of millions of drivers to get ahead do not miraculously produce a situation in which everyone does better than before, but one in which almost everyone does rather worse. Central control and collective organisation can produce smoother and fairer outcomes, though even that much is never guaranteed.
    Similar limits can be foreseen for the much greater advances promised by self-driving cars. Last week, one operated by the taxi company Uber struck and killed a woman pushing her bicycle across a wide road in Arizona. This was the first recorded death involving a car which was supposed to be fully autonomous. Experts have said that it suggests a "catastrophic failure" of technology.
    Increasingly, even Silicon Valley has to acknowledge the costs of the intoxicating (令人陶醉的) hurry that characterises its culture. What traffic teaches us is that reckless and uncontrolled change is as likely to harm us as it is to benefit us, and that thoughtful regulation is necessary for a better future.
What does the author imply about the various gadgets on cars?
选项 A、They can help to alleviate traffic jams.
B、Most of them are as effective as advertised.
C、Only some can be put to use under current traffic conditions.
D、They are constantly upgraded to make driving easier and safer.
答案C
解析 由题干中的various gadgets on cars定位至第二段第一句。推理判断题。文章第二段第一句指出，尽管人们高度关注汽车的最高速度、转弯能力和加速能力，现代汽车上最有用的却是那些在车速很慢的情况下可以发挥作用的设备，如停车传感器、音响系统和导航应用程序.说明在目前的交通状况下，只有部分设备可以得到应用，故答案为C)。根据文章第二段可知，导航设备可以帮助司机规划新的路线以避开交通拥堵，而不是缓解拥堵问题，并且根据下文可知，当所有人一起使用导 航应用程序时会造成新的拥堵，故排除A)；根据第二、三段可知，汽车最高速度、转弯能力和加速能力在交通拥堵的情况下都无法发挥作用，导航设备的使用也可能导致新的拥堵，所以这些设备并不像宣传的那样有效，故排除B)；文中并未提到这些设备会进行升级来改善驾驶情况，故排除D)。
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