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  3. But in general, the United States was founded upon European, and especially British, precedents. Culturally speaking, America mi

But in general, the United States was founded upon European, and especially British, precedents. Culturally speaking, America mi

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问题     But in general, the United States was founded upon European, and especially British, precedents. Culturally speaking, America might be called a European colony. However, to say so is to draw attention to the complexity of the American scene. No other colony has been so heterogeneously populated, or so long politically independent or Europe. No other country whose origins lie in Europe has had so sharp an awareness of its cleavage from, and superiority to, its parent cultures.  Running through American history, and therefore through American literature, is a double consciousness of Old World modes and New World possibilities. Yesterday has been dismissed and pined for; tomorrow has been invoked and dreaded. It has not been the most favourable of situations for the production of literature. As an American, the writer has distrusted Europe; as a writer, be has envied the riches available to his European counterpart. At any rate, this was true of creative literature: the novel, the poem, and the play were for a long time inhibited in the United States. By and large, critical and historical writings have flowed more easily from American pens.
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答案 但是总的说来，美国是按照欧洲，特别是英国的先例建立的。就文化而言，美国可以说是欧洲的一个殖民地。然而，这么说的目的是让人们注意到美国社会的复杂性。没有一个殖民地的居民成分像美国这样复杂，政治上脱离欧洲的时间如此漫长。没有一个起源于欧洲的国家，像它这样敏锐地意识到与欧洲文化的分歧和较之欧洲文化的优越性。贯穿美国历史的，也就是贯穿美国文学的是一种双重意识：既眷恋旧大陆的文明，又憧憬新大陆的前程。昨日已成过去，但也值得留恋；明天已经在望，但也令人惴惴不安。这不是一个最适合文学创作的环境。作为美国作家，他不相信欧洲；可是作为一位作家，他又羡慕欧洲同行丰富的遗产。无论如何，就文艺创作而言，小说、诗歌和戏剧在美国长时期没有得到发展。一般来讲，美国作家对批评性和历史性的文章驾驭得更好。
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