2. 外语
  3. On Wednesday, the Treasury Department released more details of its plan to stress-test the nation’s 19 largest banks to see just

On Wednesday, the Treasury Department released more details of its plan to stress-test the nation’s 19 largest banks to see just

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问题     On Wednesday, the Treasury Department released more details of its plan to stress-test the nation’s 19 largest banks to see just how short of capital they would be if the recession worsened.
    Conceptually, the test makes sense. Since many of the banks have been deemed too big to fail, it is important for the government to know in advance how much capital they may need in order to absorb losses and sustain lending. Under the rules of the test, a bank that could not cover a projected shortfall by raising money from private investors would have to accept it from the government. In exchange, the government would take a potentially large ownership stake.
    In practice, however, the test could be yet one more step toward what is turning out to be a seemingly endless string of bailouts that do not stop the bleeding, stabilize the banks—or adequately protect taxpayers.
    For starters, the test’s worst-case assumptions may not be dire enough. They assume that the economy will contract this year by 3.3 percent and remain flat in 2010, that unemployment will hit 8.9 percent this year and 10.3 percent next year, and that house prices will fall an additional 22 percent this year. That would all be very bad. But given that the economy contracted by 6. 2 percent in the fourth quarter of 2008 and that virtually all other economic indicators are flashing red, it is hardly the worst that the government should plan for.
    Even if the assumptions prove correct, there is no guarantee that the testing will be rigorous. The tests will be supervised by the government but carried out by the banks. Since a capital infusion by the government would be costly to a bank and pose risks to its existing shareholders, the banks will have an incentive to arrive at the lowest possible capital shortfall.
    The result could be a situation much like the present one with Citigroup, in which one bailout follows another, with mounting costs and risks for taxpayers and with investors, borrowers and consumers left to wonder when the banking system will be reliably functional again.
    Worse still, even if the tests accurately gauge the banks’ conditions and the government provides adequate capital, taxpayers could still lose big. The government will increase a troubled bank’s capital by purchasing preferred stock that pays a 9 percent dividend. If a bank can’t pay the dividend, it can convert the preferred shares into common stock.
    The problem is that a bank is likely to convert the shares only if its condition continues to deteriorate, which would stick the taxpayer with stock falling in value. If the bank’s prospects for recovery are good and it pays back the government within two years, all of the stock’s future gains go to existing common shareholders. The system would be preserved, but by enriching private investors at taxpayers’ expense. That raw deal is improved somewhat if repayment occurs after two years. Unfortunately, chances that a bank would return to health after years on government life support do not seem especially good.
    The administration has never adequately explained why rescuing the weakest banks should involve rescuing their shareholders, and by extension, their executives and managers, whose wealth is likely to be concentrated in the stock of the bank. Instead, they have staked out a seemingly arbitrary position, insisting the government should not assume control of perilously weak big banks, even if only to restructure their finances.
    Before the stress test results are in and acted upon, taxpayers deserve an explanation.
We can learn from the first two paragraphs that________.
选项 A、the test has been carried out to check the financial conditions of 19 largest banks
B、large banks are not in short of capital for the time being
C、the government intends to make profits from this plan
D、the test plan is meant to make preparations for potential danger of further recession
答案D
解析 细节题。从第一段和第二段来看，这个测试计划意欲检测大银行在经济进一步衰退的情况下是否会出现资金短缺。若是银行无法从私人投资者那里筹得资金，政府将注资，其最终的目的还是为了应对潜在的经济持续衰退，这个计划刚刚提出细节，并未实施，故[A]错误；这两段并未提到银行现在的资金状况，因此排除[B]；政府的目的不在赢利，故[C]错误；因此答案为[D]。
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