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  3. Teenagers are paradoxical. That’s a mild and detached way of saying something that parents often express with considerably stron

Teenagers are paradoxical. That’s a mild and detached way of saying something that parents often express with considerably stron

admin2023-03-23  102
问题     Teenagers are paradoxical. That’s a mild and detached way of saying something that parents often express with considerably stronger language. But the paradox is scientific as well as personal. In adolescence, helpless and dependent children who have relied on grown-ups for just about everything become independent people who can take care of themselves and help each other. At the same time, once cheerful and compliant children become rebellious teenage risk-takers.
    A new study published in the journal Child Development, by Eveline Crone of the University of London and colleagues, suggests that the positive and negative sides of teenagers go hand in hand. The study is part of a new wave of thinking about adolescence. For a long time, scientists and policy makers concentrated on the idea that teenagers were a problem that needed to be solved. The new work emphasizes that adolescence is a time of opportunity as well as risk.
    The researchers studied "prosocial" and rebellious traits in more than 200 children and young adults, ranging from 11 to 28 years old. The participants filled out questionnaires about how often they did things that were altruistic and positive, like sacrificing their own interests to help a friend, or rebellious and negative, like getting drunk or staying out late.
    Other studies have shown that rebellious behavior increases as you become a teenager and then fades away as you grow older. But the new study shows that, interestingly, the same pattern holds for prosocial behavior. Teenagers were more likely than younger children or adults to report that they did things like unselfishly help a friend.
    Most significantly, there was a positive correlation between prosociality and rebelliousness. The teenagers who were more rebellious were also more likely to help others. The good and bad sides of adolescence seem to develop together.
    Is there some common factor that underlies these apparently contradictory developments? One idea is that teenage behavior is related to what researchers call "reward sensitivity. " Decision-making always involves balancing rewards and risks, benefits and costs. "Reward sensitivity" measures how much reward it takes to outweigh risk.
    Teenagers are particularly sensitive to social rewards—winning the game, impressing a new friend, getting that boy to notice you. Reward sensitivity, like prosocial behavior and risk-taking, seems to go up in adolescence and then down again as we age. Somehow, when you hit 30, the chance that something exciting and new will happen at that party just doesn’t seem to outweigh the effort of getting up off the couch.
What does Crone’s study find about prosocial behavior?
选项 A、It results from the wish to cooperate.
B、It is cultivated through education.
C、It is subject to family influence.
D、It tends to peak in adolescence.
答案D
解析 细节题。由题干的 prosocial behavior 定位到第三至五段。文中第四段提到有研究表明叛逆行为随着青少年的成长而增加，然后随着年龄的增长而消失。但新的研究表明，亲社会行为也有同样的模式。叛逆行为在青春期达到顶峰的，那么亲社会（prosocial）行为自然也是在青春期达到顶峰，故正确答案为D。文中提到了青少年更容易帮助朋友，但是这并不代表亲社会的行为源于想与别人合作，这属于过度推测，故排除选项A。选项 B“由教育培养”以及选项C“受家庭的影响”在文中均未提及，属于无中生有，故均排除。
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