首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
One of the most eminent of psychologists, Clark Hull, claimed that the essence of reasoning lies in the putting together of two
One of the most eminent of psychologists, Clark Hull, claimed that the essence of reasoning lies in the putting together of two
admin
2012-11-11
119
问题
One of the most eminent of psychologists, Clark Hull, claimed that the essence of reasoning lies in the putting together of two "behavior segments" in some novel way, never actually performed before so as to reach a goal. Two followers of Clark Hull, Howard and Tracey Kendler, (1) a test for children that was explicitly based on Clark Hull’s principles. The children were given the (2) of learning to operate a machine so as to get a toy. In order to succeed they had to go through a two-stage (3) . The children were trained on each stage (4) . The stages consisted merely of pressing the correct one of two buttons to get a marble; and of (5) the marble into a small hole to release the toy.
The Kendlers found that the children could learn the separate bits readily enough. (6) the task of getting a marble by pressing the button they could get the marble; given the task of getting a toy when a marble was handed to them, they could use the marble. (All they had to do was put it in a hole.) (7) they did not for the most part "integrate", to use the Kendlers’ terminology. They did not press the button to get the marble and then (8) without further help to use the marble to get the toy. So the Kendlers concluded that they were incapable of deductive (9) .
The mystery at first appears to deepen when we learn, from (10) psychologist, Michael Cole, and his colleagues, that adults in an African culture apparently cannot do the Kendlers’ task either. But it lessens, (11) , when we learn that a task was devised which was (12) to the Kendlers’ one but much easier for the African males to handle.
(13) the button-pressing machine, Cole used a locked box and two (14) colored match-boxes, one of which contained a key that would open the box. Notice that there are still two (15) segments—"open the right matchbox to get the key" and "use the key to open the box"—so the task seems formally to be (16) . But psychologically it is quite different. Now the subject is dealing not with a strange machine but with familiar meaningful objects; and it is clear to him what he is meant to do. It then (17) that the difficulty of integration is greatly reduced.
Recent work by Simon Hewson is of great interest here for it shows that, for young children, (18) , the difficulty lies not in the (19) processes which the task demands, but in certain perplexing features of the apparatus and the procedure. When these are changed in ways which do not at all affect the inferential nature of the problem, then five-year-old children solve the problem (20) college students did in the Kendlers’ own experiments.
选项
A、correctly
B、equally
C、intendedly
D、differently
答案
D
解析
本题测试词义搭配。correctly意为“正确地,恰当地”;equally意为“相等地,平等地”;intendedly意为“故意地,有意地”;differently意为“不同地,有差别地”。前面提到是两个盒子,所填之词修饰colored match-boxes,所以应该选D。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/sAe4777K
0
考研英语二
相关试题推荐
Thequestionofethicsinthelegalprofessionisonethathasplaguedtheindustrysinceitsinception.Thecommonimageofan
Asa______president,hisviewsaretreatedwithrespectwhenheisinterviewed.
Thelongestbullruninacenturyofart-markethistoryendedonadramaticnotewithasaleof56worksbyDamienHirst,Beauti
ReadthefollowingtextandanswerquestionsbymarkingTifthestateistrueorFifthestateisnottrue.Tippingisas
Wearelivinginoneofthoseperiodsinhumanhistorywhicharemarkedbyrevolutionarychangesinallofman’sideasandvalue
Whateverhappenedtothedeathofnewspaper?Ayearagotheendseemednear.Therecessionthreatenedtoremovetheadvertising
Whateverhappenedtothedeathofnewspaper?Ayearagotheendseemednear.Therecessionthreatenedtoremovetheadvertising
Oneofthemosteminentofpsychologists,ClarkHull,claimedthattheessenceofreasoningliesintheputtingtogetheroftwo
OlympicGamesareheldeveryfouryearsatadifferentsite,inwhichathletes【1】differentnationscompeteagainsteachotherin
OlympicGamesareheldeveryfouryearsatadifferentsite,inwhichathletes【1】differentnationscompeteagainsteachotherin
随机试题
_______是继柳开之后专力写作古文的作家,其文强调教化作用,力求结构章法的变化,多用散行单句,不务雕琢堆砌,不求华靡艳丽,在宋代古文的发展上具有一定的影响。
A.交感神经B.副交感神经C.运动神经D.传入神经E.传出神经机体在安静时,()系统的活动明显增强,常伴有胰岛素的分泌
甲公司欠乙公司货款5万元,到期未还。乙公司需付甲公司加工费5万元,已过诉讼时效。对此,下列表述中正确的是()。(2008年单项选择第21题)
监理与工程施工的关系,下列表述中哪一项不合适?()
审核信用证是单证员的工作,因此,跟单员不需要了解信用证的内容。()
会计账簿类会计档案的保管期限均为20年。()
某调查显示:82%的小学生每天都会上网,84%的每天都会使用QQ,78%的每天都会使用QQ空间,65%的每天都会使用微博。据此有人认为,小学生已从媒介被动的受众转变为积极的参与者和传播者。如果以下各项为真,最能削弱上述论证的是()。
海:水
关于商品价值的说法,正确的有( )
操作系统中有一组不能被系统中断的特殊系统调用,在操作系统中称为()。
最新回复
(
0
)