首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Any cat or dog owner will tell you that their pet has an individual personality, different from other people’ s pets. But recent
Any cat or dog owner will tell you that their pet has an individual personality, different from other people’ s pets. But recent
admin
2019-09-29
61
问题
Any cat or dog owner will tell you that their pet has an individual personality, different from other people’ s pets. But recent research has indicated that different types of personalities are found amongst a far wider range of species than was previously supposed, including not only mammals, but also birds and fish.
【B1】________ Different animals within the same species might show different degrees of readiness to explore unknown territory, but this was just a response to the availability of food or potential mates. If an animal was lucky enough to be in a place where food was plentiful, it would not venture far, whereas in a different environment, it would develop a bolder personality. One early piece of research to question this was published by Huntingford in 1976. She noticed that sticklebacks often displayed the same degree of aggression or sociability towards others in their group at all stages in their life cycle. Such factors as whether they were seeking mates did not affect their behaviour. This seemed to imply that some sticklebacks were more bold and others less so, not because of their circumstances or a predictable stage in their life but because of something more mysterious called ’personality’ they were simply made like that.
【B2】________ In the case of ants, individuals follow different developmental paths so that they take on different roles within the colony, such as soldiers or workers. In some species of insects, an individual may even change its function over time, as in bees, some of whom start out as workers and later become food hunters. But these kind of roles are not the same as personality. They exist within a large social organism so that it runs smoothly. Personality, on the other hand, is not aimed at maintaining any kind of larger whole.
【B3】________Different traits have both good and bad consequences, so there is no reason why evolution should favour one over another. Bolder individuals do better when it comes to searching for food but they are also more likely to be eaten by a predator. They may have more success in attracting mates but they are also more likely to fight with rivals and be injured.
【B4】________For example, studies show that in the case of birds, adventurous individuals are also likely to be less effective at parenting and that their offspring are less likely to reach maturity, a further instance of how personality traits may work against the preservation of the species. In one study of sheep by Denis Reale, it was found that the male animals who showed more aggression reproduced earlier in life whereas the less aggressive ones bred later. At the same time, the first group tended to die at a younger age. The more docile rams did not start breeding until later, but they generally lived longer, so in the end they produced the same number of young as their more aggressive peers.
【B5】________One theory is that all personality traits arise from a choice between a small number of fundamental preferences, such as whether an animal tends to seek or avoid risk. It is an open question too, as to what extent these choices might be the same for human personalities.
Questions 61 -65
Complete the passage with the following sentences. There are two extra sentences that you do not need to use.
A. How exactly these complex syndromes come about is difficult to determine.
B. The presence of one trait will often go hand in hand with another, creating clusters of traits known in psychology as behavioural syndromes.
C. It was formally believed that if behaviour varied between members of the same species, this was the result of adaptation to different circumstances.
D. A reference to the theory is that personality traits are the result of differences in environment.
E. Of course, there can be other reasons besides personality or environment which cause members of the same species to act differently.
F. Possible dangers associated with boldness indicate a personality trait.
G. Personality differences are difficult to explain from an evolutionary point of view.
【B3】
选项
答案
G
解析
该空后面提到“不同的特征会产生好的和坏的后果,所以进化没有理由会偏向于一个而不是另一个”。由此可知,该空应该与进化有关,符合条件的只有G项。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/sKNK777K
本试题收录于:
C类竞赛(非英语专业本科)题库大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)分类
0
C类竞赛(非英语专业本科)
大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)
相关试题推荐
Angelatoldmeawhileagothatshecouldn’twearher______sweatshirtbecauseitdoesn’tgowithanythingelseshehas.
Inthe1970s,manypeoplebecameconcernedaboutenergy.Peopleindevelopedcountrieshadtofaceuptothefactthattheyused
Time-savingTips:ListsMakinglistsisrelaxing.Itmakesyoufeelimportant—allthosethingstodo.Itdictatestheshape
SummaryListentothepassage.Forquestions26—30,completethenotesusingnomorethanthreewordsforeachblank.Starbucks
DictationListentothepassage.Forquestions21—25,fillintheblankswiththeexactwordsandphrasesyouhear.Thewa
WhichpartofAfricahasbeenprobablymostseriouslyaffectedbyEbola?
What’sthemostprobablerelationshipbetweenthemanandthewoman?
What’sthemostprobablerelationshipbetweenthemanandthewoman?
Whatisfriendshiporhowshouldwedefineit?Itisasimplebutdifficultquestion.Peoplehavedifferentopinionsconcerning
Everyfall,likeclockwork,LindaKrentzofBeaverton,feltherbraingoonstrike."Ijustcouldn’tgetgoinginthemorning,"
随机试题
公众的特点包括()
女,36岁。背痛、低热1个月,偶有夜间盗汗,近1周出现双下肢乏力。x线平片提示胸T12~L1椎间隙变窄,并有椎旁软组织阴影。最有可能的诊断是
在经络系统中,具有离、入、出、合循行特点的是()
企业期初存货200万元,期末存货300万元,本期产品销售收入为1500万元,本期产品销售成本为1000万元,则该存货周转率为()次。
投资利润率指标不受建设期的长短、投资方式、回收额的有无以及净现金流量大小等条件影响,能够说明各投资方案的收益水平。( )
课程的特点在于动手做,在于手脑并用,以获得直接经验,这种课程类型体现了()的理论。
下列各句中,加下环线的成语使用正确的一项是:
无边落木:不尽长江
根据《物权法》规定,下列关于各类用益物权流转方式的表述,正确的是()。
下面是关于PCI总线的叙述,其中错误的是
最新回复
(
0
)