2. 外语
  3. Most conceptions of the process of motivation begin with the assumption that behavior is, at least in part, directed towards the

Most conceptions of the process of motivation begin with the assumption that behavior is, at least in part, directed towards the

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问题     Most conceptions of the process of motivation begin with the assumption that behavior is, at least in part, directed towards the attainment of goals or towards the satisfaction of needs or motives. Accordingly, it is appropriate to begin our consideration of motivation in the work place by examining the motives for working. Simon points out that an organization should be able to secure the participation of a person by offering him inducements (引诱)which contribute in some way to at least one of his goals. The kinds of inducements offered by an organization are varied, and if they are effective in maintaining participation they must necessarily be based on the needs of the individuals.
    Maslow examines in detail what these needs are. He points out not only that there are many needs ranging from basic physiological drives such as hunger to a more abstract desire for self-realization,  but also that they are arranged in a hierarchy(等级制度 )whereby the lower-order needs must to a large degree be satisfied before the higher-order ones come into play.
    One of the most obvious ways in which work organizations attract and retain members is through the realization, that economic factors are not the only inducement for working as indicated by Morse and Weiss. In line with the social respect and self-realization needs discussed by Maslow, factors such as association with others, self-respect gained through the work, and a high interest value of the work can serve effectively to induce people to work.
According to Maslow, a work organization is able to motivate people to work by______.
选项 A、satisfying their physiological needs
B、satisfying their self-realization needs
C、satisfying hierarchy of their higher-order needs
D、first satisfying their lower-order needs
答案D
解析 细节题。文章第二段主要介绍了Maslow的观点，最后一句总结说只有当人们的低等的需要被满足后，高级的需要才会被激活。因此选择D。选项A表述不准确，意思是说满足他们生理需求，所以不正确}选项B满足他们自我的价值实现；选项C满足他们更高级别的需求，与原文意思不符，所以不正确。答案是D。
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大学英语四级

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