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  3. The scientific interest of American history centered in national character and in the workings of a society destined to become v

The scientific interest of American history centered in national character and in the workings of a society destined to become v

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问题 The scientific interest of American history centered in national character and in the workings of a society destined to become vast in which individuals were important chiefly as types. Although this kind of interest was different from that of European history, it was at least as important to the world. Should history ever become a true science, it must expect to establish its laws not from the complicated story of rival European nationalities but from the economical evolution of a great democracy. North America was the most favorable field on the globe for the spread of a society so large, uniform, and isolated as to answer the purposes of science. There a single homogeneous society could easily attain proportions of three or four hundred million persons, under conditions of undisturbed growth. In Europe or Asia, undisturbed social evolution had been unknown. Without disturbance, evolution seemed to cease. Wherever disturbance occurred, permanence was impossible. Every people in turn adapted itself to the law of necessity.(164 words)
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答案 科学上对美国历史的兴趣主要集中在其民族特性，以及一个注定强大且强调个性的社会运转方式上。尽管这种兴趣不同于对欧洲历史的兴趣，但对于世界来说至少同样重要。如果历史成了一门真正的科学，它必定要建立起自己的法则。这些法则并非来自对手欧洲列强的复杂历史，而是来自一个伟大的民主国家的经济发展。纵观全球，北美最适宜规模巨大、规范统一且相对隔绝的社会发展，能够满足科学研究的需要。那里，在不受干扰的条件下，一个同质的社会可以轻松达到三亿或四亿人口。在欧洲或亚洲，不受干扰的社会演化是闻所未闻的。没有干扰，演化似乎就停止了。一个地方只要出现干扰，那里就不可能存在一成不变的东西。各个民族都相继适应了这条必然性法则。
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