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  3. Immigration is in the headlines again, with President Obama’s decision last week to stop deporting young illegal immigrants who

Immigration is in the headlines again, with President Obama’s decision last week to stop deporting young illegal immigrants who

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问题     Immigration is in the headlines again, with President Obama’s decision last week to stop deporting young illegal immigrants who came to the United States as children, and the Supreme Courts approaching decision on the constitutionality of Arizona’s crackdown on undocumented migrants. But too much of the public debate has focused on the legality of immigration without considering a more fundamental question: What effects has mass immigration had on American society?
    As a result of the 1965 immigration act, which opened the door widely to non-European immigrants, 40 million foreign-born immigrants now live in the United States. They make up 13 percent of the population, the largest such proportion since the 1920s. More than half of these migrants are from Latin America and the Caribbean, although a study released Tuesday by the Pew Research Center found that Asians overtook Hispanics in 2009 as the fastest-growing group of immigrants.
    For the May issue of the Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, some of the most meticulous research was done about the effects of immigration on a cross section of American communities—urban, suburban and rural. The scholars who participated were in remarkable agreement: while new immigrants are poorer than the general population and face considerable hardship, there is no evidence that they have reshaped the social fabric in harmful ways.
    America is neither less safe because of immigration nor is it worse off economically. In fact, in the regions where immigrants have settled in the past two decades, crime has gone down, cities have grown, poor urban neighborhoods have been rebuilt, and small towns that were once on life support are springing back. Scholars can’t say for sure that immigration caused these positive developments, but we know enough to reject the notion that immigrants worsen social ills.
    Scholars found that immigrant youths in Los Angeles were involved in less crime and violence than their native-born peers in similar economic circumstances. Research also has shown that an increase in immigration in cities like San Antonio and Miami did not produce an increase in the homicide rate. Furthermore, social scientists found that people in immigrant communities in New York were less cynical about the law than were people in less diverse communities; they were also more likely to indicate that they would cooperate with the police.
    If migration has had such beneficial effects, why, then, has there been such a persistent backlash? Part of the answer surely lies in the social changes—language, political attitudes, religious mores—that immigrants bring, in addition to the effects of the recession. The leveling-off of migration, especially from Mexico, may bring a sense of relief to opponents of these social changes, but if the new research is any guide, the consequences of the slowdown may be the opposite of what the critics intend.
    Mr. Obama’s decision to exempt undocumented children who were brought to the United States by their parents from harsh deportation rules is an overdue, but welcome, first step. Establishing a clear path to citizenship for undocumented adults, creating a more permissive guest-worker program, reducing unwarranted police stops of immigrants and preserving families rather than separating them through deportation are controversial ideas, but they deserve a hearing.
The "critics" in Paragraph 6 most probably refers to those on the side of________.
选项 A、President Obama
B、Supreme Court
C、Arizona state government
D、Scholars in the research
答案C
解析 词义理解题。critics出现在第六段最后一句。该段第二句指出，持续不断的移民抵制浪潮部分原因在于移民带来的社会变化；第三句指出，移民人数下降可能使反对这些社会变化的人得到了安慰，但如果以新的研究作为参考，移民人数下降带来的结果可能与critics想的相反。由此可知，critics是指反对移民带来社会变化的人，即支持控制移民数量的人。亚利桑那州对移民进行打压，其持反对态度，故答案为C项。而由第一段可知，奥巴马总统决定停止将非法移民递解出境，可见他并不反对移民，故排除A项；文中没有提到最高法院就移民的态度，故排除B项；根据文中所介绍的研究结果判断，学者们对移民的态度是肯定的，故排除D项。
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