首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Audience of Writing Audience is a very important concept for writing. You need to analyze your audience in terms of the foll
Audience of Writing Audience is a very important concept for writing. You need to analyze your audience in terms of the foll
admin
2017-06-21
64
问题
Audience of Writing
Audience is a very important concept for writing. You need to analyze your audience in terms of the following aspects:
I. Your【T1】______ to your audience【T1】______
Through writing, you are making social【T2】______ with【T2】______
other members of the society.
II. Their【T3】______ of your subject【T3】______
This analysis is particularly valuable in【T4】______ writing.【T4】______
III. Their【T5】______ to the subject and your position in the writing【T5】______
This analysis is extremely important in【T6】______ writing.【T6】______
1. To those who agree
—【T7】______ the importance of your position【T7】______
2. To those who are【T8】______【T8】______
—address their【T9】______ as directly and fully as possible【T9】______
3. To those who disagree
—try to【T10】______ why they disagree【T10】______
There may be two main reasons for their disagreement:
1.【T11】______ of information or viewing the information differently【T11】______
2. personal, political or【T12】______ reasons【T12】______
Ways to【T13】______ their disagreement:【T13】______
1. For the former
—give them relevant information as【T14】______ as possible【T14】______
2. For the latter
—show your【T15】______ of them and address them accordingly【T15】______
【T14】
Audience of Writing
Good morning. Today we will talk about the audience of writing. Before you write something, you need to have a clear idea of the topic, the audience, and the purpose of your writing. In this lecture, we’ll concentrate on one of these elements, the audience. This is a very important concept for writing. The term audience usually refers to viewers of movies and TV shows and listeners of radio programs. Here we expand it to include readers of written materials or any discussions of writing activities. The importance of a keen awareness of your audience throughout the writing process can not be overemphasized. Audiences can be examined from three different perspectives:
1. Your social relations to your audience:
2. Your audience’s knowledge about your subject:
3. Your audience’s attitudes or viewpoints to the subject and your position in the writing.
Let’s discuss them one by one. Now, first point, analyze your audience in terms of your social relations. Whenever you write, you are interacting with other members of the society. Are you writing to a friend of yours? To a colleague? To the director of your business firm? To the admission office of an American college? In each situation, you have a different social relationship with your audience and this relationship has a definite impact on the shape of your writing. No one in his or her right mind would write a letter of application to the dean of the graduate school as if the dean was one of his or her buddies.
The second point, analyze your audience in terms of their knowledge of the subject you are writing about. This analysis is valuable particularly in informative and explanatory writing. Suppose you are writing a paper comparing the Mid-autumn Festival and Thanksgiving. How much knowledge would you assume your American readers already have about the Chinese holiday and how much about their own? Obviously, very little about the former and a whole lot about the latter. In such a paper, you need to take care not to bore your readers to death by telling them what they already know while leaving them tantalizingly unsatisfied about what they are so eager to learn. The emphasis here should be to show the striking differences and subtle parallels rather than to give exhaustively detailed information on each holiday.
Now, the third point, analyze your audience in terms of their attitudes or viewpoints to the subject and your position in the writing. This analysis is vitally important in writing persuasive or argumentative essays, which is much more complex and challenging. In a persuasive essay you present reasons and arguments to convince your readers that they should accept a belief or to take a position or a specific action. For persuasive or argumentative writings, you can classify audiences into three groups: those who agree, those who are neutral or undecided, and those who disagree.
When writing to an audience who already sees eye to eye with you about a controversial issue, is there much you need to do? Not much. If you are addressing an audience who already shares your view about developing and mamtaining a mature and constructive relationship between China and the United States in the 21st century, all you need to do is restate why such a relationship is in the vital interests of both countries and of the whole world.
When writing to audiences who are neutral or undecided, you have the most to do and can hope to achieve a lot. Say you want to propose that a new financial aid system be established to help those bright students in rural and less prosperous areas of the country. You are concerned that with today’s new tuition policy and practice, those students will be priced out of a chance for the high education they deserve so much. Some people may be undecided because they have some doubts and concerns: Where does the money needed for such an aid come from? What are the specific standards whereby to award scholarships? Are there more fair and efficient alternative solutions? Once you find out why your audiences are undecided, you need to address their doubts and concerns as directly and fully as possible. You have a fairly good chance of winning them over when their questions are answered satisfactorily.
And audiences who disagree are the most difficult to write to. Different people disagree with you for different reasons. Some of them may have already given the issue a thought and have already made a choice: therefore, it is extremely difficult to change their minds. Others who disagree may not have had the time to think it over seriously.
There are two main possible reasons why your audiences may disagree with you: l. because they don’t have the "facts" or because they look at the same "facts" differently: 2. because they are influenced by their personal opinion, prejudice, and political or religious beliefs. Once you have found why they disagree, you can decide what is the best approach to such audiences. If it is a lack of information, your job is to give them the relevant historical as well as up to date information as accurately as possible. If it is for personal, political and religious reasons, you need to recognize them, understand them, and address them accordingly.
Now, we can see that audience awareness is so crucial to the success of your writing. In actual practice, you may need to analyze your audience in terms of three factors: social relations, knowledge, and viewpoints in order to decide the best approach for your writing. And in the next lecture, we’ll discuss the writing purpose and your role in the writing. Thanks for your attention!
选项
答案
accurately
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/sjsK777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
"Artdoesnotsolveproblems,butmakesusawareoftheirexistence,"sculptorMagdalenaAbakanowiczhassaid.Artseducation,
Thedayswhenjournalismwaslimitedtoobtainingpressbriefingsandwritingfirsthandaccountofhappeningsinthe【M1】______
Issuesconcerninghumanlearningareamongthecriticaltopicsineducationalpsychology,childdevelopment,andcognitivescie
Pre-courseLectureof"AmericanNovelSince1945"Tolearnthelectureof"AmericanNovelSince1945",somepointsshouldb
Pre-courseLectureof"AmericanNovelSince1945"Tolearnthelectureof"AmericanNovelSince1945",somepointsshouldb
Pre-courseLectureof"AmericanNovelSince1945"Tolearnthelectureof"AmericanNovelSince1945",somepointsshouldb
Pre-courseLectureof"AmericanNovelSince1945"Tolearnthelectureof"AmericanNovelSince1945",somepointsshouldb
KeytoGoodLanguageLearningTolearnalanguagemoreeffectively,languagelearnersshouldhaveaccesstoresourcesorop
KeytoGoodLanguageLearningTolearnalanguagemoreeffectively,languagelearnersshouldhaveaccesstoresourcesorop
HowtoBeFluentToday,wewilltalkaboutthewaysofbeingfluentwhenspeakingasecondlanguage.I.Animportantstep—thin
随机试题
下列对领导者素质重要性的表述,错误的是【】
河内凶,则移其民于河东。凶:
金刚烷胺与下列药联用.应特别注意与哪种药联用为禁忌
中年男性,酗酒后8小时出现中上腹疼痛,放射至两侧腰部。伴恶心、呕吐。体检:腹部有压痛、肌紧张及两侧腰腹部出现蓝棕色斑,血压75/55mmHg,脉搏110次/分。最可能的诊断是
可撤销合同的确认应该是由( )确认。
如果某单项资产的系统风险大于整个市场投资组合的风险,则可以判定该项资产的B值()。
道德与法律的联系存在于()。
近年来,我国的房价一路飙升。2007年8月国务院决定通过扩大廉租住房制度来解决城市1000万户低收入家庭的住房问题。为实现这一目标,需要政府发放租赁补贴或提供廉租住房;而要建设住房,则需要土地和资金。一位记者以《低收入家庭跨人廉租房时代》为题进行报道,这表
办张健身卡,请一名私人教练,这不再仅是成年人的时尚。“儿童健身”训练也悄然兴起。时尚的爸妈为孩子请个“私人健身教练”,量身定制健身方案。但是儿童私人健身教练并没有专业从业资格,大都从成人教练“转岗”,教学内容没有统一标准。有些教练使用不成熟的教学方法,反而
在进行某学校教务管理系统的数据库设计时,数据库设计人员设计了如下几个关系模式:系(系号,系名),系号为主码学生(学号,姓名,所在系号),学号为主码课程(课程号,课程名,开课系号),课程号为主码选课(学号,课程号,选课时间),
最新回复
(
0
)