首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessi
The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessi
admin
2017-06-11
62
问题
The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed "intuition" to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise; and to integrate action into the process of thinking.
Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for capriciousness.
Isenberg’s recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers’ intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an "Aha!" experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to(违反, 背道而驰)their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.
One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that " thinking" is inseparable from acting. Since managers often "know" what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.
Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking/ acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just of implementing the solution.
The passage provides support for which of the following statements?
选项
A、Managers who rely on intuition are more successful than those who rely on formal decision analysis.
B、Managers cannot justify their intuitive decisions.
C、Managers’ intuition works contrary to their rational and analytical skills.
D、Intuition enables managers to employ their practical experience more efficiently.
答案
D
解析
本题归纳总结题。从题干可知,本题主要考查考生对主旨的把握情况。从第一段的“Rather,in their day—by—day tactical maneuvers,these senior executives…and to integrateaction into the process of thinking.”,以及第三段的“Second,managers rely on intuition toperform well—learned…and hands—on experience that build skills.”,由以上几句可知D为正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/skFO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
A、FurthermoreB、ConverselyC、AccordinglyD、NeverthelessDFurthermore表示“递进关系”;Conversely表示“完全相反的情形”;Accordingly表示“因果关系”,Neverthel
Thereisnoquestionthattheoldstyleofairpollutioncouldkillpeople.Inoneweekfollowingtheinfamous"peasouper"fogi
Thereisnoquestionthattheoldstyleofairpollutioncouldkillpeople.Inoneweekfollowingtheinfamous"peasouper"fogi
PitythosewhoaspiretoputtheinitialsPhDaftertheirnames.After16yearsofcloselysupervisede-ducation,prospectivedoc
Evengeologistisfamiliarwiththeerosioncycle.Nosoonerhasanareaoflandbeenraisedabovesea-levelthanitbecomessub
Evengeologistisfamiliarwiththeerosioncycle.Nosoonerhasanareaoflandbeenraisedabovesea-levelthanitbecomessub
Onanaverageofsixtimesaday,adoctorinHollandpractices"active"euthanasiaintentionallyadministeringalethaldrugto
Oneofthemajordifferencesbetweenmanandhisclosestlivingrelativeis,ofcourse,thatthechimpanzeehasnotdevelopedthe
Oneofthemajordifferencesbetweenmanandhisclosestlivingrelativeis,ofcourse,thatthechimpanzeehasnotdevelopedthe
Oneofthemajordifferencesbetweenmanandhisclosestlivingrelativeis,ofcourse,thatthechimpanzeehasnotdevelopedthe
随机试题
治疗肝阳上亢型绝经前后诸证,以下哪项选择不恰当:
A.肾小管上皮细胞B.大圆上皮细胞C.小圆上皮细胞D.尾形上皮细胞E.鳞状上皮细胞主要来自尿道的是
女,56岁。干咳、呼吸困难2周,逐渐加重,现不能平卧,无发热。查体:R24次/分,BP85/70mmHg,端坐位,颈静脉怒张,双肺呼吸音清,心脏浊音界向两侧扩大,心率108次/分,律齐,心音低而遥远,心脏各瓣膜听诊区未闻及杂音,奇脉。心电图:窦性心动过
下列选项中,属于企业重大经营决策特点的是()。
在合同执行期间,由于劳务和材料价格的涨落或其他原因使费用增减时,应()。
与逻辑式相等的逻辑式是()。
Thetree,thebranches______arealmostbare,isaveryoldone.
paint()方法使用下列()类型的参数。
Wherearethey?
PoorpeoplehaveIQ’ssignificantlylowerthanthoseofrichpeople.The【S1】______traditionalwisdomhasbeenthatthisisinla
最新回复
(
0
)