首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
If there is any endeavour whose fruits should be freely available, that endeavour is surely publicly financed science. Morally,
If there is any endeavour whose fruits should be freely available, that endeavour is surely publicly financed science. Morally,
admin
2013-09-16
55
问题
If there is any endeavour whose fruits should be freely available, that endeavour is surely publicly financed science. Morally, taxpayers who wish to should be able to read about it without further expense. And science advances through cross-fertilisation between projects. Barriers to that exchange slow it down.
There is a widespread feeling that the journal publishers who have mediated this exchange for the past century or more are becoming an impediment to it. One of the latest converts is the British government. On July 16th it announced that, from 2013, the results of taxpayer-financed research would be available, free and online, for anyone to read and redistribute. Britain’s government is not alone. On July 17th the European Union followed suit. It proposes making research paid for by its next scientific-spending round which runs from 2014 to 2020, and will hand out about ¢80 billion, in grants similarly easy to get hold of. In America, the National Institutes of Health has required open-access publishing since 2008.
Criticism of journal publishers usually boils down to two things. One is that their processes take months, when the internet could allow them to take days. The other is that because each paper is like a mini-monopoly, which workers in the field have to read if they are to advance their own research, there is no incentive to keep the price down. The publishers thus have scientists—or, more accurately, their universities, which pay the subscriptions—in an armlock. That leads to generous returns. In 2011 Elsevier, a large Dutch puhlisher, made a profit of £768m on revenues of £2. 06 billion—a margin of 37%. Indeed, Elsevier’s profits are thought so egregious by many people that 12,000 researchers have signed up to a boycott of the company’s journals.
Publishers do provide a service. They organise peer review, in which papers are criticised anonymously by experts. And they sort the scientific sheep from the goats, by deciding what gets published, and where. That gives the publishers huge power. Since researchers, administrators and grant-awarding bodies all take note of which work has got through this filtering mechanism, the competition to publish in the best journals is intense, and the system becomes self-reinforcing, increasing the value of those journals still further.
But not, perhaps, for much longer. Support has been swelling for open-access scientific publishing: doing it online, in a way that allows anyone to read papers free of charge. The movement started among scientists themselves, but governments are now, as Britain’s announcement makes clear, paying attention and asking whether they, too, might benefit from the change. A revolution, then, has begun. Technology permits it; researchers and politicians want it If scientific publishers are not trembling in their boots, they should be.
Paragraph 4 mainly demonstrates______.
选项
A、the working mechanism of peer review
B、publishers’ contribution to the distribution of knowledge
C、scholars’ fierce competition for the best journals
D、journals’ influence brought about by the peer review process
答案
B
解析
第四段指出期刊出版商也做出了贡献:他们组织专家进行同行评审,以在科研上区分良莠。且由于学术界、管理者等都非常关注这一机制,所以学者们对期刊的激烈竞争,从而使得期刊也在不断自我完善,这进一步提高了期刊的价值。可见,本段主要在说明学术期刊对知识传播的贡献。[B]选项正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/snO4777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Youshouldtrustyourself.Don’tlose______inyourself.(confident)
We’vejustinstalledcentralheating,______shouldmakeatremendousdifferencetothehousenextwriter.
Accordingtotheurbanconstructionprogram,oldbuildingsthatare______repairshouldbeblownup.
Wedarenotplayjokesonher______sheshouldbecomeangry.
Hestoleintohisroom______heshouldawakenhisparentsandgetscolded.
Inthissection,youareaskedtowriteanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyourwriting,youshould1)interpretthechar
随机试题
A.CVPB.PAWPC.MAPD.PCWPE.MPAP测定上、下腔静脉或右心房内的压力,评估血容量的指标是
患者,男性,43岁,支气管扩张2年余,近日因淋雨后出现呼吸道剧烈咳嗽,有大量脓痰,胸部X线显示病变位于左肺中叶,体位引流时护士指导患者采取的体位是
关于贯彻依法治国理念的基本要求,下列哪一说法是不正确的?(2013年试卷一第2题)
某商场为增值税一般纳税人,2011年1月发生以下购销业务:(1)购入服装两批,均取得增值税专用发票。两张专用发票上注明的货款分别为20万元和36万元,进项税额分剐为3.4万元和6.12万元,其中第一批货物的专用发票尚未到税务机关认证,第二批货物的专用发票
年终,为感谢外宾对我市发展作出的重大贡献,现要举办一次茶话会,邀请一些对城市发展作出突出贡献的外宾参加,领导把此次茶话会的策划、执行工作交由你负责,你会怎么做?
右边四个选项中有一项可以由给出图形折叠得到,请找出来。
评析明治维新的意义。
第二段中加点的“有规律的细胞死亡”对生命体的作用,理解不正确的一项是:对美国生物化学专家“确认了导致动植物细胞死亡的分子间信号传导路径”的意义理解不正确的一项是:
判断下列符合普通话规范的说法这些女孩真是又漂亮又智慧。
根据我国《婚姻法》规定,结婚的必备条件有()
最新回复
(
0
)