首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
It is frequently assumed that the mechanization of work has a revolutionary effect on the lives of the people who operate the ne
It is frequently assumed that the mechanization of work has a revolutionary effect on the lives of the people who operate the ne
admin
2011-01-02
48
问题
It is frequently assumed that the mechanization of work has a revolutionary effect on the lives of the people who operate the new machines and on the society into which the machines have been introduced. For example, it has been suggested that the employment of women in industry took them out of the household, their traditional sphere, and fundamentally altered their position in society. In the nineteenth century, when women began to enter factories, Jules Simon, a French politician, warned that by doing so, women would give up their femininity. Friedrich Engels, however, predicted that women would be liberated from the "social, legal, and economic subordination" of the family by technological developments that made possible the recruitment of "the whole female sex ... into public industry." Observers thus differed concerning the social desirability of mechanization’s effects, but they agreed that it would transform women’s lives.
Historians, particularly those investigating the history of women, now seriously question this assumption of transforming power. They conclude that such dramatic technological innovations as the spinning jenny, the sewing machine, the typewriter, and the vacuum cleaner have not resulted in equally dramatic social changes in women’s economic position or in the prevailing evaluation of women’s work. The employment of young women in textile mills during the Industrial Revolution was largely an extension of an older pattern of employment of young, single women as domestics. It was not the change in office technology, but rather the separation of secretarial work, previously seen as an apprenticeship for beginning managers, from administrative work that in the 1880’s created a new class of "dead-end" jobs, thenceforth considered "women’s work". The increase in the numbers of married women employed outside the home in the twentieth century had less to do with the mechanization of housework and an increase in leisure time for these women than it did with their own economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool of single women workers, previously, in many cases, the only women employers would hire.
Women’s work bas changed considerably in the past 200 years, moving from the household to the office or the factory, and later becoming mostly white-collar instead of blue-collar work. Fundamentally, however, the conditions under which women work have changed little since before the Industrial Revolution: the segregation of occupations by gender, lower pay for women as a group, jobs that require relatively low levels of skill and offer women little opportunity for advancement all persist, while women’s household labor remains demanding. Recent historical investigation has led to a major revision of the notion that technology is always inherently revolutionary in its effects on society. Mechanization may even have slowed any change in the traditional position of women both in the labor market and in the home.
It can be inferred from the passage that, before the Industrial Revolution, most women worked in ______.
选项
A、textile mills
B、private households
C、offices
D、schools
答案
B
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/sneO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Theofficialresidenceofthe_____isatnumber10DowningStreet,London.
A、forbothFranceandtheNetherlandsrejectedtheEUconstitutioninreferendumsB、forEUjobsgrowthoflastmonthwasthewor
InformationSuperhighwayatWorkThechangesinhowwecommunicatemakeitnecessarytochangehowwethinkaboutcommunicati
AsoneofthedevelopedcountriesinAsia,JapanhasbeensoughthegemonyinAsiabecauseofitsstrongpowerineconomy.Howab
Scientistsclaimthatairpollutioncausesadeclineintheworld’saverageairtemperature.Inordertoprovethattheo-ry,ec
ThirtyyearsagoIturnedonourfamily’sblack-and-whiteconsoleTVtowatchanorchestraconductornearlyashyperactiveasI
A、Inthesouthernprovinces.B、Inthenortherncities.C、Inthewest.D、Intheeast.A
Outinthestreetatlast,themanstoppedrunningandlookedbackatthestepsofthegallery.Thewomanwasnotfollowinghim.
A、Becausehegrewupwantingtobeataxidriver.B、Becausehelikesbeingfriendlyforshortperiods.C、Becausehewasonceas
A、Itwouldbetakentothegarage.B、Itwouldberepaired.C、ItwouldbedrivenawaybyMr.Simpson.D、Itwouldberemovedbyth
随机试题
SOAP技术的功能是
中国封建社会占支配地位的土地所有制形式是______。
患者男,19岁,诉耳痛,耳灼热感。检查:有耳屏压痛和耳廓牵引痛,外耳道弥漫性充血,肿胀,潮湿。以下处理不正确的是
患儿,10个月。突然发热呕吐,烦躁不安,精神萎靡,嗜睡。检查:前囟稍紧张,颈有抵抗感,心、肺无异常,布氏征(+)。为确诊,应首选的检查是
关于热功转换和热量传递过程,有下面一些叙述:(1)功可以完全变为热量,而热量不能完全变为功;(2)一切热机的效率都不可能等于1;(3)热量不能从低温物体向高温物体传递;(4)热量从高温物体向低温物体传递是不可逆的。以上这些叙述,只有()是
《合同法》中的“提存”是由于债务人原因而实施。()
中等强度运动的耗能为4~7kcal/min,如快走(5.5~6km/h),相当于最大心率的60%~70%。
计算:。
A、 B、 C、 D、 D
字段有效性规则是在给字段输入数据时所设置的【】。
最新回复
(
0
)