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  3. Recent years have witnessed an increase in the number of people who feel guilty or ashamed about what they perceive to be negati

Recent years have witnessed an increase in the number of people who feel guilty or ashamed about what they perceive to be negati

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问题    Recent years have witnessed an increase in the number of people who feel guilty or ashamed about what they perceive to be negativity. For example, people who seek help from a psychotherapist to deal with highly distressing emotions often apologize for being too negative. 【R1】__________
   In fact, anger and sadness are an important part of life, and new research shows that experiencing and accepting such emotions are vital to our mental health. Attempting to suppress thoughts can backfire and even diminish our sense of contentment. "Acknowledging the complexity of life may be an especially fruitful path to psychological well-being," says psychologist Jonathan M. Adler of the Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering.
   Positive thoughts and emotions can, of course, benefit mental health. 【R2】__________Taken to an extreme, however, that definition is not congruent with the messiness of real life. In addition, people’s outlook can become so rosy that they ignore dangers or become complacent.
   【R3】__________
   Unpleasant and negative feelings are just as crucial as the enjoyable ones in helping you make sense of life’s ups and downs. "Remember, one of the primary reasons we have emotions in the first place is to help us evaluate our experiences," Adler says.
   Adler and Hal E. Hershfield, a professor of marketing at New York University, investigated the link between mixed emotional experience and psychological welfare in a group of people undergoing 12 sessions of psychotherapy. "Taking the good and the bad together may detoxify the bad experiences, allowing you to make meaning out of them in a way that supports psychological well-being," the researchers found.
   Negative emotions also most likely aid in our survival. 【R4】__________ Findings from a 2010 study suggested that pushing back negative emotions could spawn more emotional overeating than simply recognizing that you were, say, upset, agitated or blue. Suppressing thoughts and feelings can even be harmful. In a 2012 study psychotherapist Eric L. Garland of Florida State University and his associates found that those who restrained their thinking more often had stronger stress responses than did those who suppressed their thoughts less frequently.
   Learning how to cope with negative emotions is the key. Instead of backing away from negative emotions, accept them. Acknowledge how you are feeling without rushing to change your emotional state.
   【R5】__________
   If the discomfort lingers, consider taking action. You may want to tell a friend her comment was hurtful or take steps to leave the job that makes you miserable.
   [A] Reactions like this undoubtedly stem from our culture’s overriding bias toward positive thinking. Although positive emotions are worth cultivating, problems arise when people start believing they must be upbeat all the time.
   [B] Eudaemonic approaches, on the other hand, emphasize a sense of meaning, personal growth and understanding of the self-goals that require confronting life’s adversities.
   [C] If the emotion is overwhelming, you may want to express how you feel in a journal or to another person. The exercise may shift your perspective and bring a sense of closure.
   [D] In other words, many people struggle with highly distressing emotions, such as extreme anger, or with suicidal thoughts although a therapy is to acknowledge and express a full range of emotions.
   [E] Hedonic theories define well-being as the presence of positive emotion, the relative absence of negative emotion and a sense of life satisfaction.
   [F] You may also try doing rnindfulness exercises to help you get rid of negative feelings. One way to train yourself is to focus on your breathing while meditating.
   [G] Bad feelings can be vital clues that a health issue, relationship or other important matter needs attention, Adler points out. The survival value of negative thoughts and emotions may help explain why suppressing them is so fruitless.
【R2】
选项
答案E
解析 空格前指出积极情绪对心理健康也有益。空格后指出，这个定义不适合杂乱丛生的现实生活，也使得人们的世界观变得过度乐观；其中，that definition表明空格处会出现某种定义。空格前后都提及积极情绪．故空格处的内容也应该与此相关。E给出了幸福的定义，而空格后指出这个定义在现实生活中践行会有很多不足，前后形成转折关系，与空格后的however相吻合，而且E也是空格后的that definition所指的对象。再者，E强调的是积极情绪对幸福安康的重要意义，与上文的内容衔接自然。故本题选E。
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