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  3. It’s a common belief that women take fewer risks than men, and that adolescents always plunge in headlong without considering th

It’s a common belief that women take fewer risks than men, and that adolescents always plunge in headlong without considering th

admin2015-03-25  31
问题     It’s a common belief that women take fewer risks than men, and that adolescents always plunge in headlong without considering the consequences. But the reality of who takes risks is actually a bit more complicated, according to the authors of a new paper which will be published in the August issue of Current Directions in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science. Adolescents can be as cool-headed as anyone, and in some realms, women take more risks than men.
    A lot of what psychologists know about risk-taking comes from lab studies where people are asked to choose between a guaranteed amount of money or a gamble for a larger amount. But that kind of decision isn’t the same as deciding whether you’re going to speed on the way home from work, or go bungee jumping. Research in the last 10 years or so has found that the way people choose to take risks in one domain doesn’t necessarily hold in other domains.
    " The typical view is that women take less risks than men, that it starts early in childhood, in all cultures, and so on," says Bernd Figner of Columbia University and the University of Amsterdam, who cowrote the paper with Elke Weber of Columbia University. The truth is more complicated. Men are willing to take more risks in finances. But women take more social risks—a category that includes things like starting a new career in your mid-thirties or speaking your mind about an unpopular issue in a meeting at work.
    It seems that this difference is because men and women perceive risks differently. That difference in perception may be partly because of how familiar they are with different situations, Figner says. "If you have more experience with a risky situation, you may perceive it as less risky. " Differences in how boys and girls encounter the world as they’re growing up may make them more comfortable with different kinds of risks.
    Adolescents are known for risky behavior. But in lab tests, when they’re called on to think coolly about a situation, psychological scientists have found that adolescents are just as cautious as adults and children. The difference between the lab and the real world, Figner says, is partly the extent to which they involve emotion. In an experiment where adolescents’ emotions got triggered strongly, they looked very different from children and adults and took bigger risks, just as observed in real world settings.
    "Ultimately we would like to provide knowledge with our research that people can use to make decisions that are more beneficial for them in the long term," Figner says. The goal isn’t to avoid risk, of course—stepping out the front door in the morning increases your chance of getting run over by a bus. But by understanding when and how people decide to take risks, he hopes to help people make risky decisions that they won’t regret, either immediately after they have made them, or years later.
How will the adolescents act in the real world if activated by the surroundings?
选项 A、They will still be cool-headed and careful enough.
B、They will get bold enough to take bigger risks.
C、They will perceive the potential risks by the past experience.
D、They will be have the same as different from adults and children.
答案B
解析 事实细节题。由题干关键词the adolescents和activated定位到第五段。该段第四句提到当青年人的情感在试验中被激发时，就会和成年人及儿童完全不同，其表现和现实世界一样选择冒险，故[B]符合文意，同时排除[A]。文章第四段提到过去的冒险经历会对人们的风险感知产生影响，但没有提及青年人会从过去的经历中感知潜在的风险，[C]属无中生有；本段提到青年人被周围事物激发时会和表现儿童不同，[D]与文意相反。
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