2. 外语
  3. America is one of many countries where the state gives a leg-up to members of certain racial, ethnic, or other groups(1)_____ ho

America is one of many countries where the state gives a leg-up to members of certain racial, ethnic, or other groups(1)_____ ho

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问题     America is one of many countries where the state gives a leg-up to members of certain racial, ethnic, or other groups(1)_____ holding them to different standards. The details(2)_____. In some countries, the policy(3)_____ only to areas under direct state control, such as public-works contracts or(4)_____ to public universities. In others, private firms are also obliged to take(5)_____ of the race of their employees, contractors and even owners. (6)_____ the effects are strikingly similar around the world.
    Many of these policies were put in place with the best of intentions: to(7)_____ for past injustices and purify their legacy. No one can deny that, (8)______, blacks in America have suffered awful wrongs, and continue to suffer(9)_____. Favouring members of these groups seems like a quick and effective way of making society(10)_____.
    Most of these groups have made great (11)______. At the same time, the downside of affirmative action has become all too(12)______. Awarding university places to black students (13)_____ lower test scores than whites sounds reasonable,(14)_____ the legacy of segregation. But a study found that at some American universities, black applicants who scored 450 points worse than Asians on entrance tests were(15)_____ likely to win a place. That is neither fair on Asians, (16)_____ an incentive to blacks to study in high school. The book "Mismatch" produces evidence that(17)_____ affirmative action reduces the number of blacks who(18)_____ as lawyers by placing black students in law schools(19)_____ they are ill-prepared, causing many to drop out. Had they attended less demanding schools, they(20)_____.
(1)
选项 A、with
B、in
C、at
D、by
答案D
解析 空格后的“给他们设定不同的标准”是“让特定的种族、少数族裔或者其他族群享受特殊待遇”的方式，因此选表“方式”的介词，by符合要求。with为强干扰项，但其后只接名词。
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