首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
We assumed ethics needed the seal of certainty, else it was non-rational. And certainty was to be produced by a deductive model:
We assumed ethics needed the seal of certainty, else it was non-rational. And certainty was to be produced by a deductive model:
admin
2014-06-13
81
问题
We assumed ethics needed the seal of certainty, else it was non-rational. And certainty was to be produced by a deductive model: the correct actions were derivable from classical first principles or a hierarchically ranked pantheon of principles. This model, though, is bankrupt.
I suggest we think of ethics as analogous to language usage. There are no univocal rules of grammar and style which uniquely determine the best sentence for a particular situation. Nor is language usage universalizable. Although a sentence or phrase is warranted in one case, it does not mean it is automatically appropriate in like circumstances. Nonetheless, language usage is not subjective.
This should not surprise us in the least. All intellectual pursuits are relativistic in just these senses. Political science, psychology, chemistry, and physics are not certain, but they are not subjective either. As I see it, ethnical inquiry proceeds like this: we are taught moral principles by parents, teachers, and society at large. As we grow older we become exposed to competing views. These may lead us to reevaluate presently held beliefs. Or we may find ourselves inexplicably making certain valuations, possibly because of inherited altruistic tendencies. We may "learn the hard way" that some actions generate unacceptable consequences. Or we may reflect upon our own and others’ "theories" or patterns of behavior and decide they are inconsistent. The resulting views are "tested"; we act as we think we should and evaluate the consequences of those actions on ourselves and on others. We thereby correct our mistakes in light of the test of time.
Of course people make different moral judgments; of course we cannot resolve these differences by using some algorithm which is itself beyond judgment. We have no vantage point outside human experience where we can judge right and wrong, good and bad. But then we don’t have a vantage point from where we can be philosophical relativists either.
We are left within the real world, trying to cope with ourselves, with each other, with the world, and with our own fallibility. We do not have all the moral answers, nor do we have an algorithm to discern those answers, neither do we possess an algorithm for determining correct language usage but that does not make us throw up our hands in despair because we can no longer communicate.
If we understand ethics in this way, we can see, I think, the real value of ethical theory. Some people talk as if ethical theories give us moral prescriptions. They think we should apply ethical principles as we would a poultice: after diagnosing the ailment, we apply the appropriate dressing. But that is a mistake. No theory provides a set of abstract solutions to apply straightforwardly. Ethical theories are important not because they solve all moral dilemmas but because they help us notice salient features of moral problems and help us understand those problems in context.
In what way is ethics similar to language use?
选项
A、Both have rules to determine the optimal choice under a circumstance.
B、Both vary according to the context they are applicable to.
C、Both are objective, not subjective, entities.
D、Similar sets of rules can be applied in quite different situations.
答案
B
解析
这是一道细节题。题干中的信号词为similar to language use,出自于第二段第一句话中,只是文中用的是analogous to language usage。文章第二段指出:我们应该将道德规范看成是语言使用的一个类比;在语言中,没有明确的语法和文体规则决定哪个句子最适合于某种场合,语言的应用也不是通用的:虽然某个句子或词组适用于某个情景,但这并不意味着它自然适用于其他类似的情景。这说明,它们的共同点是根据不同的环境而有所不同。B说“两者都根据其适用的环境而有所不同”,这与文章的意思符合。A和D与文章的意思相反;与C有关的信息是该段的最后一句话,文中是说“语言的使用不是主观性的”,说明C不对。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/t9K4777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Animportantfactorofleadershipisattraction.Thisdoesnotmeanattractivenessintheordinarysense,forthatisabornqua
Lowlevelsofliteracyandnumeracyhaveadamagingimpactonalmosteveryaspectofadults,accordingtoasurveypublishedyes
Oneofthesilliestthingsinourrecenthistorywastheuseof"Victorian"asatermofcontemptorabuse.Ithadbeenmadefas
Youjustcomebackfromyourholiday.Writealettertothemanagerofthehotelyoubookedtocomplainthebadserviceintheh
Writeanessayof160~200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawings.Inyouressay,youshould:1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)
Studythefollowingdrawingcarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould1)describethedrawing,2)analyzetheaimofthe
ThefirsttwoparagraphssuggestthatHumangreenhousegasemissionswhichcauselow-lyingplacestodisappeararemainlyleto
Weassumedethicsneededthesealofcertainty,elseitwasnon-rational.Andcertaintywastobeproducedbyadeductivemodel:
Americanhighereducationstandsonthebrink(边缘)ofchaos.1havesomanyspentsolonglearningsolittle.Thepresentcri
TheUncertaintyofChildBehaviorPerformanceHypothetically,let’ssayyouranafancyprivateelementaryschool.Likeothe
随机试题
焊接技能
牙膏的主要作用是
按《高耸结构设计规范》(GBJl35—90)计算水柜满载时的地震影响系数a1,其与______项数值最为接近。按底部等效弯矩法求基底弯矩M0(kN·m),水柜满载及空载时M0与______项数值最为接近。
以核设施和放射源监管为重点,确保核与辐射安全.全面加强核安全与辐射环境管理,国家对核设施的环境保护实行().
【背景资料】某主跨为4m×100m预应力混凝土简支T形梁桥,主墩基础采用直径2.2m的钻孔灌注桩,设计深度为25m,采用回转钻进施工法钻孔。施工单位严格按照设计文件和相关施工技术规范的要求进行施工,为了保证工程质量、工程进度、工程安全和控制工程成
市场交易的组织形态,根据交易合约的签订与实际交割之间的关系分为()。
甲企业向乙企业购买货物,丙公司为甲企业200万元货款提供保证担保。当甲企业收到货物尚未支付货款时,被人民法院宣告破产。丙公司有证据证明乙企业知道甲企业破产,但乙企业既未申报债权又未通知丙公司。事后得知,如果能及时申报债权,可以得到50万元的破产财产,则丙公
根据以下情境材料,回答问题。某市外环公路上,甲化工厂运送的7吨一溴硝基甲烷全部外溢,它所产生的强烈刺激气味腐蚀了运输车辆和高速公路,并有数十个行人和旅客中毒。接到报警后,公安派出所的正确做法是()。(多选)
选取“人员情况表”的“学历”和“所占比例”两列的内容(合计行内容除外)建立“三维饼图”,标题为“人员情况图”,图例位置靠上,数据标志为显示百分比,将图插入到工作表的A9:D20单元格区域内。
A、Becausehisparentwantedhimto.B、Becauseitwastheonlyplacehecouldgetwork.C、BecausehehadacravingfortheWest.
最新回复
(
0
)