2. 考研
  3. The constitutional requirements for holding congressional office in the United States are few and simple. They include age (twen

The constitutional requirements for holding congressional office in the United States are few and simple. They include age (twen

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问题     The constitutional requirements for holding congressional office in the United States are few and simple. They include age (twenty-five years of age for the House of Representatives, thirty for the Senate) ; citizenship (seven years for the house, nine years for the Senate); and residency in the state from which the office holder is elected. Thus, the constitutional gateways to congressional office-holding are fairly wide.
    Even these minimal requirements, however, sometimes arouse controversy. During the 1960s and 1970s, when people of the post-Second World War "baby boom" reached maturity and the Twenty-sixth Amendment (permitting eighteen-year-olds to vote) was ratified, unsuccessful efforts were made to lower the eligible age for senators and representatives.
    Because of Americans’ geographic mobility, residency sometimes is an issue. Voters normally prefer candidates with long-standing ties to their states or districts. In his 1978 reelection campaign, for instance, Texas Senator John Tower effectively accused his opponent, Representative Robert Krueger, of having spent most of his life "overseas or in the East" studying or teaching—a charge taken seriously in Texas. Well-known candidates sometimes succeed without such ties. New York voters elected to the Senate Robert F. Kennedy and Daniel Patrick Moynihan even though each had spent much of his life elsewhere. While members of the House of Representatives are not bound to live in the district from which they are elected, most do so prior to their election.
    In the Senate, the "one person one vote" rule does not apply. Article I of the Constitution assures each state, regardless of population, two Senate seats, and Article V guarantees that this equal representation cannot be taken away without the states’ consent. The founders stipulated that senators be designated by their respective state legislatures rather than by the voters themselves. Thus, the Senate was designed to add stability, wisdom, and forbearance to the actions of the popularly elected House. This distinction between the two houses was eroded by the Seventeenth Amendment (1913), which provided for the direct popular election of senators.
The passage is primarily concerned with________.
选项 A、the founding of Congress
B、the division of power in Congress
C、the factors involved in the election of congressional members
D、the proportion of congressional members
答案C
解析 主旨大意题。第一段主要讲美国宪法对国会议员的任职要求较少。第二段主要讲国会议员年龄限制引起的争议。第三段主要讲居住地对国会议员竞选的影响。第四段主要讲这一制度在参议院不适用。综上所述，这篇文章主要讲了一些影响国会议员参选的因素，故C项为答案。
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