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  3. Almost every day the media discovers an African American community fighting some form of environmental threat from landfills, ga

Almost every day the media discovers an African American community fighting some form of environmental threat from landfills, ga

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问题     Almost every day the media discovers an African American community fighting some form of environmental threat from landfills, garbage dumps, petrochemical plants, refineries, bus depots, and the list goes on. For years, residents watched helplessly as their communities became dumping grounds.
    But citizens didn’t remain silent for long. Local activists have been organizing under the mantle of environmental justice since as far back as 1968.More than three decades ago, the concept of environmental justice had not registered on the radar screens of many environmental or civil rights groups. But environmental justice fits squarely under the civil rights umbrella. It should not be forgotten that Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. went to Memphis on an environmental and economic justice mission in 1968, seeking support for striking garbage workers who were underpaid and whose basic duties exposed them to environmentally hazardous conditions.
    In 1979, a landmark environmental discrimination lawsuit filed in Houston, followed by similar litigation efforts in the 1980s, rallied activists to stand up to corporations and demand government intervention.
    In 1991, a new breed of environmental activists gathered in Washington, D.C., to bring national attention to pollution problems threatening low-income and minority communities. Leaders introduced the concept of environmental justice, protesting that Black, poor and working-class communities often received less environmental protection than White or more affluent communities. The first National People of Color Environmental Leadership Summit effectively broadened what "the environment" was understood to mean. It expanded the definition to include where we live, work, play, worship and go to school, as well as the physical and natural world. In the process, the environmental justice movement changed the way environmentalism is practiced in the United States and, ultimately, worldwide.
    Because many issues identified at the inaugural summit remain unaddressed, the second National People of Color Environmental Leadership Summit was convened in Washington, D.C., this past October. The second summit was planned for 500 delegates; but more than 1, 400 people attended the four-day gathering.
    "We are pleased that the Summit II was able to attract a record number of grassroots activists, academicians, students, researchers, planners, policy analysts and government officials. We proved to the world that our movement is alive and well, and growing, " says Beverly Wright, chair of the summit. The meeting produced two dozen policy papers that show powerful environmental and health disparities between people of color and Whites.
In Paragraph 3 implies that, in 1979, ________.
选项 A、the environmental justice issues were first brought to court in Houston
B、environmental activists cooperated in defying the U.S. government
C、the government intervention helped promote environmental justice
D、environmental problems attracted the attention of the government
答案A
解析 此题为段落主旨概括题，根据题干直接定位至第3段。第3段较短，主要讲了两件事——一是首宗环境正义案件开庭；二是此后相继有类似案件，同时环保人士团结抵抗大企业并请求政府加以干预，因此A项“在休斯敦，环境正义问题第一次被带上法庭”正确。B项“环保人士合作起来违抗美国政府”在文中未被提及，C项文中并未提到政府是否有干预，也并未提到政府的干预是否有促进环境正义，故也排除C项。D项“环境问题引起了政府注意”在第3段并被未提及，也可排除。
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