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  3. What is the difference between Joe Six-Pack, Joe the Plumber and Joe Biden? One is vice president; the other two are not. Why? T

What is the difference between Joe Six-Pack, Joe the Plumber and Joe Biden? One is vice president; the other two are not. Why? T

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问题     What is the difference between Joe Six-Pack, Joe the Plumber and Joe Biden? One is vice president; the other two are not. Why? The answer depends on a host of interactive variables that must be factored into any equation of success: genes, parents, brothers and sisters, peers, teachers, practice, drive, culture, timing, legacy and luck. The rub for the scientist is determining the percentage of influence of each variable and its interactions, which requires sophisticated statistical models.
    Journalists, who are unrestricted by research terms, very quickly produce large quantities of self-help books that focus on select variables that interest them. Few do so better than Malcolm Gladwell, and in his book Outliers: The Story of Success, the New Yorker writer claims that successful people are not "self-made" but instead "are invariably the beneficiaries of hidden advantages and extraordinary opportunities and cultural legacies that allow them to learn and work hard and make sense of the world in ways others cannot."
    Bill Gates, for example, may be smart, but Gladwell prefers to emphasize the fact that Gates’s wealthy parents sent him to a private school that had a computer club with a teletype time-sharing terminal with a direct link to a mainframe computer in Seattle, and in 1968 this was very unusual. His good fortune to be born in the mid-1950s also meant that Gates came of age when the computer industry was ready to have someone of his experience start a software company.
    Similarly, Gladwell says, Mozart’s father was a composer who mentored the young Wolfgang into greatness from age six until his early 20s, when his compositions changed from pleasantly melodious into masterful. The Beatles’ lucky break came in Hamburg, Germany, where they were able to log in more than 1,200 live performances and thereby meet the well-known 10,000-hour rule for perfecting a profession. Asian wonder children are the product of "the tradition of wet-rice agriculture" that must be practiced year-round and that requires "the highest emphasis on effort and hard work," and that’s why they study all summer while American students go to the mall.
    Such geniuses, Gladwell says, "are products of history and community, of opportunity and legacy. Their success is not exceptional or mysterious. It is grounded in a web of advantages and inheritances, some deserved, some not, some earned, some just plain lucky but all critical to making them who they are."
We may learn from Paragraph 4 that ________.
选项 A、geniuses work less harder than the ordinary
B、musicians’ success is due to talent mostly
C、many factors help geniuses become successful
D、Asians work less harder than Americans
答案C
解析 根据题干可直接定位到第四段。该段依旧是列举名人事例说明论点：成功人士不是serf-made。其中谈到了莫扎特、披头士和亚洲神童的成功。Gladwell强调了莫扎特的作曲家(composer)父亲(他一直辅导莫扎特到二十岁)、披头士的机遇(lucky break)以及亚洲神童的努力和辛勤工作(effort and hard work)，C项 “许多因素促使天才获得成功”与文意相吻合，故为答案。文中并没有比较普通人和天才的努力程度，A项无从得知。B项提及的关键词musician与第四段第一句莫扎特的描述相关，该段段首的Similarly说明，此处与第三段Bill Gates的例子一样，说明成功人士的成功并非完全白手起家，即并非完全靠自身的天分，故B项错误。D项中的Asians和Americans出现在第四段第三句，该句分析亚洲神童成功的原因，说他们是水稻农业传统的产物，而这种农业十分重视“努力和辛勤工作”(the highest emphasis on effort and hard work)，D项中的less harder与原文的hard work相悖。
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