首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Teachers and other specialists in early childhood education recognize that children develop at different rates. Given anything t
Teachers and other specialists in early childhood education recognize that children develop at different rates. Given anything t
admin
2012-05-18
57
问题
Teachers and other specialists in early childhood education recognize that children develop at different rates. Given anything that resembles a well-rounded life — with adults and other children to listen to, talk to, do things with — their minds will acquire naturally all the skills required for further learning.
Take for example, reading. The two strongest predictors of whether children will learn to read easily and well at school are whether they have learned the names and the sounds of letters of the alphabet before they start school. That may seem to imply that letter names and sounds should be deliberately taught to young children, because these skills will not happen naturally.
But in all the research programs where they have done just that — instructed children, rehearsed the names and sounds over and over — the results are disappointing. The widely accepted explanation is that knowledge of the alphabet for it to work in helping one to read, has to be deeply embedded in the child’s mind. That comes from years of exposure and familiarity with letters, from being read to, from playing with magnetic letters, drawing and fiddling with computers.
So parents can do some things to help, although many do these things spontaneously. Instead of reading a story straight through, the reader should pause every so often and ask questions but not questions which can be answered by a yes or no. Extend their answers, suggest alternative possibilities and pose progressively more challenging questions.
And with arithmetic do not explicitly sit down and teach children about numbers, but all those early years count when walking up steps. Recite nursery rhymes. Talk to children. Say this is a red apple, that is a green one. Please get three eggs out of the fridge for me.
The technical term in vogue for this subtle structuring of children’s early learning is "scaffolding". Based on recent extensions of the work of the Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky the idea is that there are things a child may be almost ready to do. Anna, for example, cannot tie a shoelace by herself, but if an adult or a competent child forms one of the loops for her, she will soon learn to do the rest. Applying this concept to older children, one wonderful teacher has her children keep lists of "Words I can Almost Spell".
While this has all the hallmarks of common sense, it represents a significant change of emphasis from the idea of Piaget, which have dominated the theory of early childhood learning. The child in Piaget’s theory looks, more than anything, like a little scientist — exploring the environment, observing, experimenting, thinking and slowly coming to his or her conclusions about how the world works. The image is of a rather solitary pursuit with all the real action in the child’s head.
The Vygotsky model re-introduces all the people who also inhabit the child’s world—parents, care-givers,relatives, siblings and all those other children at play or school. They are not simply noise, clattering in the background while the child’s developing mind struggles on its own. The cognitive development of the child, that is, the learning of colors or numbers or letters — depends on learning how to interact socially, how to learn from the people (as well as the things) in the environment.
What is important is that the child develops the range of social skills — being able to express a preference, knowing how to take rums, being able to stand up for themselves, being able to get into a group, being able to make decisions, being able to share, having confidence to go off on their own. These all require careful nurturing. No one is telling parents not to think about their children’s development.
It is just that it is more important to think about a child’s desire to chat and the importance of social behavior and play activity, than the actually more trivial markers of intellectual achievement such as being the first kid in the group to cut a circle that looks like a circle.
When the writer discusses Piaget’s theory,______.
选项
A、he is in favour of it
B、he is critical of it
C、his view is balanced
D、he strongly despises it
答案
B
解析
第七段中提到Vygotsky的理论是a significant change of emphasis from the idea of Piaget,后者统治了多年的早期教育理论。从篇幅上看,作者着重谈的是Vygotsky的理论,可见Piaget是被作为对立面提出来的,有批判的味道。另外这段中的最后一句话提到solitary pursuit,可见Piaget理论下的孩子是学得很艰难的。所以B答案反映了作者的倾向。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/tViO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
A、Thepublicwasindignant.B、Thepublicwasresigned.C、Thepresidentremainedsilent.D、Thepresidentdecidedtoaskothercou
FewpeoplewoulddefendtheVictorianattitudeofchildren,butifyouwereaparentinthosedays,【M1】______atleastyouknow
WHO,workingcloselywithitsMemberStates,otherUnitedNationsagenciesandnon-governmentalorganizations,isfocusingonma
WhenaScottishresearchteamstartledtheworldbyrevealing3monthsagothatithadclonedanadultsheep,PresidentClinton
WhichofthefollowingisNOTwrittenbyEdgarAllaPoe?
Sciencehaslonghadanuneasyrelationshipwithotheraspectsofculture.ThinkofGallileo’s17thcenturytrialforhisrebell
Artneedsasuper-richeliteinordertoflourish,accordingtoprofessorofEnglishatLondonUniversity,LisaJardine.Jardine
Citiescanbefrightenedplaces.Themajorityofthepopulationliveinnoisymassivetowerblocks.Thesenseofbelongingtoa
Undoubtedly,ourworldhaschangedalotwiththedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.Somepeoplethinkthattechnologyhasm
由小学到中学,所修习的无非是一些普通的基本知识。就是大学四年,所授课业也还是相当粗浅的学识。世人常称大学为“最高学府”。这名称以易滋误解,好像过此以上即无学问可言。大学的研究所才是初步研究学问的所在,在这里做学问也只能算是粗涉藩篱,注重的是研究学问的方法与
随机试题
对甲型肝炎患者的消毒隔离措施错误的是
患者,女性,45岁。面、颈、四肢出现结节样皮损1个月,夏季发作。皮损呈扁平隆起,边界清楚,表面似有假水疱样损害,触之有结节感,颜色深红,压之疼痛明显。病程中伴发热、关节疼痛。尿常规检查提示蛋白(++)、隐血(++)、见颗粒管型。血常规提示WBC9×109
血小板疾病引起的出血哪项试验肯定是异常的
营气的分布特点是
购买商品房办理按揭手续时,需要提供的资料有()。[2008年考试真题]
需要办理注销登记的情形包括()。
在金融期货合约中对有关交易的()有标准化的条款规定。
长江中下游地区虽然降水丰富,但也有旱灾,其主要是:
如果缺乏奋斗精神,就不可能有较大成就。李阳有很强的奋斗精神,因此,他一定能成功。下述何者为真,则上文推论可靠?
在窗体上画一个通用对话框,其名称为CommonDialogl,然后画一个命令按钮,并编写如下事件过程。PrivateSubCommand1_Click()CommonDialog1.Flags=vbOFNHideReadOnly
最新回复
(
0
)