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  3. During the second half of the nineteenth century, in the United States, both the stimulus to produce landscape art and the subje

During the second half of the nineteenth century, in the United States, both the stimulus to produce landscape art and the subje

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问题     During the second half of the nineteenth century, in the United States, both the stimulus to produce landscape art and the subject of landscape altered appreciably as the pressure of events surrounding the Civil War witnessed the emergence of a new national consciousness. It was a time when certain fundamental religious beliefs were assaulted by new scientific theory and when new critical writing, particularly those of John Ruskin, exercised an important influence on art. The landscape painting from the Ganz collection provide an opportunity to examine the shifts in taste and the pluralities of style that characterized American landscape painting, especially in the latter part of the century.
    In the early years of the nineteenth century American landscape was closely associated with the republican ideals of the new nation and took on significance in the popular imagination as a form of national propaganda. Landscape painting was conceived of as a vehicle for the presentation of the new republic’s unique historical and moral position in world history. This position was supported by Thomas Cole, the dean of the Hudson River School, and was based on a religious interpretation of wilderness themes. While the American concern for the founding of a school of historical landscape was most assertive in the first half of the century and was confirmed in such grandly ambitious paintings as Cafe’s famous instructive moral one portraying the COURSE OF EMPIRE, the interest in creating a national art based on American nature continued to influence the formal evolution of landscape painting. (252 words)
What phenomenon does the author mention as occurring at the time of the CivilWar?
选项 A、The revival of fundamental religious beliefs.
B、An increased interest in national geography.
C、A period of depression on arts and sciences.
D、The emergence of a new national consciousness.
答案D
解析 文章第一段第一句“在19世纪后半叶的美国，随着内战种种事件的发生，崭新的民族意识开始出现，促进风景画制作的因素和风景画的主题也硝硝地有所改变”。所以说新的民族意识是在19世纪产生的，故选D。
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