首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Parenthood isn’t a career-killer. The effect of parenthood is not that severe as people imagine. In fact, economists with two or
Parenthood isn’t a career-killer. The effect of parenthood is not that severe as people imagine. In fact, economists with two or
admin
2014-12-26
27
问题
Parenthood isn’t a career-killer. The effect of parenthood is not that severe as people imagine. In fact, economists with two or more kids tend to produce more research, not less, than their one-child or childless colleagues. But female economists in particular can pay a price in terms of productivity after becoming mothers, especially if they’ re young or unmarried.
That’ s, according to new research from the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, a working paper("Parenthood and Productivity of Highly Skilled Labour: Evidence from the Grove of Academe")published this month by Matthias Krapf of the University of Zurich, Heinrich Ursprung of the University of Konstanz and Christian Zimmermann of the regional reserve bank.
"There is a widespread conviction that motherhood is extremely costly in terms of professional career advancement. In particular, it is often argued that the only way for young women to make a challenging career is to remain childless," they wrote. "Our study of the academic labour market arrives at a somewhat less
dreary
picture: we do not observe a family gap in research productivity among female academic economists. Moreover, motherhood-induced decreases in research productivity are less pronounced than usually purported."
The authors in early 2012 surveyed about 10,000 economists through the Research Papers in Economics online platform, matching the academics’ answers with their publication records. They gauged an economist’ s productivity by looking at their output: published research, weighted by journal quality. Some of their findings are as follows:
"Mothers of at least two children are, on average, more productive than mothers of only one child, and mothers in general are more productive than childless women. Fathers of at least two children are also more productive than fathers of one child and childless men. Toward the end of their careers, however, childless men appear to be somewhat more productive than fathers of one child."
Parenthood does appear linked to lower productivity while the children are 12 and younger: mothers average a 17.4% loss, while fathers average a 5% loss. A female economist with three children, on average, loses the equivalent of four years of research output by the time her kids become teenagers.
Women who are married or in a stable relationship "do not have any drop in research productivity in the three years following childbirth." For single mothers, research output drops by roughly a third over the same period.
Female economists who have their first child before the age of 30 are less productive, while "for older first-time mothers, the effect remains negative, but it is much smaller and lacks statistical significance."
Male economists without tenure become more productive after having a child, while tenured male economists won’t be more productive. There is no similar effect for female economists.
The word "dreary"(Line 4, Para. 3)may mean______.
选项
A、exciting.
B、relieved
C、inspiring
D、downcast
答案
D
解析
语义题。单词dreary修饰名词picture,因此该词应是形容词,根据picture后的句子We do not observe a family gap in research productivity among femaleacademic economists.“我们没有发现女性学术型经济学家的学术研究效率因拥有家庭而出现差距。”这一消息属正面信息,会带给人积极的力量,而dreary由比较级less修饰,因此,dreary一定带有非正面意义,选项中,只有D项downcast“沮丧的”是非正面意义,且符合文意。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/tam7777K
0
大学英语六级
相关试题推荐
A、Hisownlifeexperiences.B、People’spursuitofhappinessinAmerica.C、Thelifeoftheupperclass.D、Thereallifeofpeople
A、Barbersmayachieveadegreeinmedicine.B、Barberscanbecomemedicalworkers.C、Barbersmaychangetheirprofessionstodoct
A、Callthecompaniesandcancelthecreditcards.B、Complaintothecustomer’sassociation.C、Expresshisattitudeclearly.D、Re
Ifyou’reoneofthosepeoplewhotendstoputonweightaroundyourmiddle,whatdoctorscallan"appleshape"—whattherestof
HowCustomsWorkA)Oneofthelittleritualsallinternationaltravelersgothroughiscustoms.Tomostpeople,thisisjustano
ThereislittleargumentthatPabloPicasso(1881-1973)isthe20thcentury’sgreatestandmostinfluentialartist.Picassowasa
ThereislittleargumentthatPabloPicasso(1881-1973)isthe20thcentury’sgreatestandmostinfluentialartist.Picassowasa
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledMarriageUponGraduationfollowingtheoutlinegivenb
AccordingtothemostrecentAmericanFreshmansurvey,conductedannuallybytheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,undergra
随机试题
血清钾2.5~3.0mmol/L可补充氯化钾血清钾2.0~2.5mmol/L可补充氯化钾
[2008年,第60题]图4.11-3所示弹簧一物块直线振动系统中,物块质量m两根弹簧的刚度系数各为k1与k2。若用一根等效弹簧代替这两根弹簧,则其刚度系数k为()。
企业对于已记入“待处理财产损益”科目的存货盘亏及毁损事项进行会计处理时,应计入管理费用的是()。
股票的清算价值是公司清算时每一股份所代表的()。
下列有关期权的表述不正确的是()。
一位外国游客在商店看中了一款丝绸,告诉导游人员她需要买8英尺,导游人员应告诉售货员给她剪()米。
第一次把毛泽东思想确立为党的指导思想是在()。
从所给的四个选项中,选择最合适的一个填入问号处,使之呈现一定的规律性:
Mostsmartphonesallowyoutorunlocation-sharingsoftwarethatusesthephone’sGPScapabilitytoletfriendsandfamilykno
Ifshecontinueslikethisshecould_____theworldrecord.
最新回复
(
0
)