2. 外语
  3. You will now read a short passage and then listen to a talk on the same academic topic. You will then be asked a question about

You will now read a short passage and then listen to a talk on the same academic topic. You will then be asked a question about

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问题 You will now read a short passage and then listen to a talk on the same academic topic. You will then be asked a question about them. After you hear the question, you will have 30 seconds to prepare your response and 60 seconds to speak.
Diffusion Effect
Depending on the context, the term "diffusion effect" has a large number of possible meanings. In medical, psychological and sociological research, however, the term refers to inappropriate contact between study groups. Ideally, of course, groups of subjects should be completely unaware of each others’ existence. Failing this, it is an absolutely essential minimum requirement that no exchange of information between or about the groups take place. This is so since such information, in effect, "taints" any data obtained from the group. The response of any group must be spontaneous and not a reaction to what it knows about the other research groups.
Now hear a talk on the same subject.
Question: Using information from the reading and the lecture, explain how the lecture is related to the reading passage.
OK, we’re all scientists here and what the reading says is—or ought to be—common sense for anyone trying to do science. But... well, mistakes happen and you’re lucky if you’re the one to catch your own mistakes. Let me give you an example from my graduate school days.
We were doing an experiment on the possible influence that race and genetics have on intelligence. We had the subjects divided into two groups, both drawn from the MBA program here on campus. They were divided into white and black groups.
We first ran the white group through some tough intelligence tests. Then we sat down and analyzed the data. A couple of weeks later, we were just finishing up, as the black students trooped in to the classroom next door.
You can probably guess what happened. Dr. Botha, who was running the study, had just done a preliminary analysis. He came running into the office blabbering—LOUDLY—how highly the white group had scored. The door to the classroom was open, and most of the second group heard every word. Well, you see the problem. Knowing there was another group and that they did the test well, the second group was put under a lot of pressure. Considering that the unnecessary stress might affect the performance of the second group, we had to scrap the research and start over again and select a new group. That delay put the research in jeopardy for wasting research time and money.
选项
答案The lecture is about an academic concept called diffusion effect which refers to a contact between two research groups which should be kept strictly separate. The professor in the lecture explains this concept by giving an example. According to the lecture, there was a test participated by two groups. One group was tested first. Unfortunately, when the second group was due to be tested, they overheard a researcher talking about the first group’s high score results. The second group seemed anxious about their performance and final score for being worse than that of the first group. Considering the level of pressure would affect the second group’s attitudes and the test result, a new group had to be selected. The reason of starting the test all over again is that the researchers wanted to see a group’s ability to fulfill a test, not its reaction to another group.
解析     Diffusion Effect扩散效应。即the term refers to inappropriate contact between study groups．将标题跟定义带入模版，即是对文章的复述，即：The lecture is about an academic concept called diffusion effect which refers to a contact between two research groups which should be kept strictly separate．
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