首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
When you run your hands through your lover’s hair, you’re probably not thinking about your place in the social hierarchy. Give y
When you run your hands through your lover’s hair, you’re probably not thinking about your place in the social hierarchy. Give y
admin
2017-04-28
47
问题
When you run your hands through your lover’s hair, you’re probably not thinking about your place in the social hierarchy. Give your team-mate or colleague a pat on the back after a setback, and the chances are you’re not consciously seeking to change the mix of signalling chemicals in their brain. It may not seem like it, but these socially important rituals and others like them predate the time our species first walked the African continent.
Human behaviours that involve physical social contact have a lot more in common with social grooming activities we typically associate with other species than we might initially think. When rhesus monkeys(恒河猴)or chimpanzees pick through their friends’ fur, they’re not just helping them remove dirt from hard to reach spots. There is undoubtedly a hygienic benefit, but this behaviour, which animal behaviour researchers call "allogrooming", has far greater significance.
For example, one chimpanzee is more likely to share food with another that has previously groomed it. Grooming also serves to ease tensions in a chimp troop following an aggressive situation. One of the most complex forms of reconciliation among chimpanzees occurs when two rival males reach a point of stalemate, neither backing down nor escalating the aggressive interaction. Sometimes, a female breaks the deadlock and eases the tension by grooming first one male, and then the other, until the two become relaxed enough to end what amounted to an angry staring contest.
According to anthropologist Robin Dunbar, this works because grooming stimulates the release of endorphins(内啡肽)—opiates produced by the brain that trigger feelings of relaxation by lowering the heart rate, reducing overt nervous behaviours like scratching, and even bringing on sleep. Female chimps that use grooming as a peacekeeping strategy may also experience their own rush of endorphins and enjoy many of the same benefits.
Humans, lacking the fur of our more hirsute evolutionary cousins, had to find a replacement for allogrooming. Like grooming, gossip establishes and maintains our place in the social hierarchy. Also like grooming, the social information that makes up gossip is itself a form of currency in human culture. Or, at least, that’s the theory put forward by Dunbar. He argued, in his book Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, that the faculty of language allowed our species to substitute gossip for grooming.
What does the word "allogrooming"(Line 4)mean in paragraph 2?
选项
A、Grooming for and by others.
B、Enjoying interaction with others.
C、Working for and by others.
D、Sharing something with others.
答案
A
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/tci7777K
0
大学英语四级
相关试题推荐
Somepeopleborrowmoneyand"forget"topayitback.Largeloansareseldomtheissue:theyareusuallytreatedasbusiness
Somepeopleborrowmoneyand"forget"topayitback.Largeloansareseldomtheissue:theyareusuallytreatedasbusiness
Somepeopleborrowmoneyand"forget"topayitback.Largeloansareseldomtheissue:theyareusuallytreatedasbusiness
Somepeopleborrowmoneyand"forget"topayitback.Largeloansareseldomtheissue:theyareusuallytreatedasbusiness
A、Theyareloyaltopeople.B、Theyarecuteandfurry.C、Theyarequietandclean.D、Theycanprotectpeople.A
A、Peopleoftendisagreeonmosttopics.B、Peopletreatpetsbetterthantheirspouses.C、Petsalwaysmakeamess.D、Petsneedgr
InLondon,overhalfofthehomesbuiltbetween1919and1980hadonegarage.Butmanyarebecomingneedless.Between2002and2
AnewstudyfromtheUniversityofNewSouthWaleshasdiscoveredthatduringtheworkingweek,Australianfathersonlyspendan
Ifyouareayoungcollegestudent,mostofyour【B1】______aboutyourhealthandhappinessinlifeareprobably【B2】______thepr
随机试题
Inordertolearnaforeignlanguagewell,itisnecessarytoovercomethefearofmakingmistakes.Iftheprimarygoal(目标)of
男性,40岁,发现右颊黏膜白色斑块1个月,临床检查除右颊孤立白色斑块外未发现其他病损。你认为下列哪项提供的信息丕星以作为本病例的发病因素
风险/效益比是
男,42岁,2年前诊断为原发性慢性肾上腺皮质功能减退症。长期口服氢化可的松(30mg/d)替代治疗。近2天发热38℃,咽痛。目前氢化可的松应
A.处方药B.处方药和甲类非处方药C.乙类非处方药D.甲类非处方药E.非处方药根据《处方药与非处方药分类管理办法(试行)》不能在大众媒介上发布广告的药品是
获得()资质的企业,可以承接建设单位按照规定发包的工程。
背景某宿舍楼土建工程,建筑面积为15548m2,全现浇钢筋混凝土结构,地下1层,地上14层。业主要求承包单位按工料单价法中的以直接工程费为计算基础的程序进行计算。计算结果如下:按工程量和工、料、机单价计算,其合价为2274.93万元;各类措施费的合计费率
汪某,女性,60岁,家庭妇女。吸烟40余年,慢支病史20余年,气短5年。体格检查:体温36℃,脉搏96次/分,呼吸20次/分,血压130/85mmHg,桶状胸,双肺叩诊过清音,触觉语颤减弱,肺泡呼吸音减弱。心尖搏动位于左侧第5肋间锁骨中线外1.0cm。实验
“APEC蓝、青奥蓝、春节蓝”,由于雾霾,“蓝”更显可贵。2013年9月,国务院颁布大气污染防治行动计划。一年多来,这个行动计划成为各地各部门防治大气污染的共同行动指南。APEC会议期间,北京、天津、河北、山西、内蒙古、山东、河南等省区
给定资料1.2013年,听到家里的“顶梁柱”遭遇车祸去世的噩耗时,41岁的徐某抱着女儿痛哭不已。尽管法院判决肇事司机赔偿徐某一家22万余元,但被执行人却无可供执行的财产。女儿在念高中,公婆则卧病在床,无论是学杂费还是医药费,对于这个贫困的农村家庭
最新回复
(
0
)