2. 外语
  3. Without regular supplies of some hormones our capacity to behave would be seriously impaired; without others we would soon die.

Without regular supplies of some hormones our capacity to behave would be seriously impaired; without others we would soon die.

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问题     Without regular supplies of some hormones our capacity to behave would be seriously impaired; without others we would soon die. Tiny amounts of some hormones can modify our moods and our action, our inclination to eat or drink, our aggressiveness or submissiveness, and our reproductive and parental behavior. And hormones do more than influence adult behavior; early in life they help to determine the development of bodily form and may even determine an individual’s behavioral capacities. Later in life the changing outputs of some endocrine glands and the body’s changing sensitivity to some hormones are essential aspects of the phenomena of aging.
    Communication within the body and the consequent integration of behavior were considered the exclusive province of the nervous system up to the beginning of the present century. The emergence of endocrinology as a separate discipline can probable be traced to the experiments of Bayliss and Starling on the hormone secretion. This substance is secreted from cells in the intestinal walls when food enters the stomach; it travels through the bloodstream and stimulates the pancreas to liberate pancreatic juice, which aids in digestion. By showing that special cells secrete chemical agents that are conveyed by the bloodstream and regulate distant target organs or tissues, Bayliss and Starling demonstrated that chemical integration can occur without participation of the nervous system.
    The term "hormone" was first used with reference to secretion. Starling derived the term from the Greek hormone, meaning "to excited or set in motion." The term "endocrine" was introduced shortly thereafter, "Endocrine" is used to refer to glands that secrete products into the bloodstream. The term "endocrine" contrasts with "exocrine" which is applied to glands that secrete their products through ducts to the site of action. Examples of exocrine glands are the tear glands, the sweat glands, and the pancreas, which secretes pancreatic juice through a duct into intestine. Exocrine glands are also called duct glands, while endocrine glands are called ductless.
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an effect of hormones?
选项 A、Modification of behavior
B、Sensitivity to hunger and thirst
C、Aggressive feelings
D、Maintenance of blood pressure
答案D
解析 题目询问哪个选项文中没有提及由荷尔蒙产生的影响。A“改变行为”在第一段第二句有提及…can modify our moods and our actions，B“对饥渴不敏感”定位于首段第二句。C“顺从的感觉”有可找到。
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