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  3. Scientists, conservation organizations and governments trying to stem the tide of extinction often focus efforts on protected ar

Scientists, conservation organizations and governments trying to stem the tide of extinction often focus efforts on protected ar

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问题     Scientists, conservation organizations and governments trying to stem the tide of extinction often focus efforts on protected areas such as national parks and wildlife preserves. But with as many as a million species at risk, this strategy may not be enough to conserve wildlife, especially in a world increasingly disrupted by climate change.
    Slowing the mass extinction that now appears to be underway will require more creative means of coexisting alongside wild plants and animals. A recent study underlines the effectiveness of some such approaches by examining indigenous-managed lands.
    "We show really strongly that, from a biodiversity standpoint in terms of species richness, indigenous-managed lands are at least comparable to protected areas," says biologist Richard Schuster of Carleton University. And in some places, they far surpass parks and preserves—even though indigenous communities may utilize their lands’ resources by hunting or searching for food.
    Schuster and his team analyzed more than 15,000 areas in Australia, Brazil and Canada. They found that the total diversity of birds, mammals, amphibians and reptiles was highest on lands either managed or co-managed by indigenous groups, whereas randomly selected locations with no formal protection were the least biodiverse. For threatened species in particular, indigenous lands scored slightly higher than protected lands on overall species richness in Brazil and Canada, as well as higher for threatened amphibians and reptiles in Australia, mammals in Brazil, and birds and reptiles in Canada. The results were published last November in Environmental Science and Policy.
    Each country has a different geography and climate. Yet remarkably, Schuster says, the best indicator for species diversity is whether a given area was managed by an indigenous community. He points out that practices such as sustainable hunting and fishing, as well as prescribed burning, are more likely to occur in such areas. Don Hankins, an ecologist at California State University, Chico, who is a member of the Plains Miwok indigenous nation and was not involved in the study, agrees. "There’s probably going to be more of a connection to the land," he says, "and a use of the land for the things that are there, compared to a national park."
    "It’s really important to listen to the people who live on the land and have them drive the management efforts going forward," Schuster says, adding that partnering with indigenous communities may enable the world’s countries to better meet a wide range of conservation goals: "We really need all the help we can get as a global community to avert the extinction crisis that we’re facing right now."
By examining indigenous-managed lands, the new study emphasizes__________.
选项 A、the land-management practices of indigenous communities
B、the importance of autonomy for indigenous regions
C、the biological diversity of protected areas
D、the necessity of dealing with the extinction crisis
答案 A
解析 根据题干关键词indigenous-managed lands、the new study定位至第二段最后一句。通过定位句可知题干中的emphasizes是underlines的同义替换，该句指出最近一项对原住民管理的土地的研究表明了这些管理方法的有效性(the effectiveness of some such approaches)，such approaches具体所指需要再观察前一句：Slowing the mass extinction that now appears to be underway will require more creative means of coexisting alongside wild plants and animals．(想要减缓现在似乎正在发生的物种大灭绝，需要采用更多创造性的方法，让人类与野生动植物共处。)由此可知，such approaches指的是与野生动植物共处的创造性方法。第二段指出了这些方法的有效性，而在第二段之后具体说明了这些方法。浏览后文可知，文章认为原住民对土地的管理方式在物种丰富度方面比保护区做得更好，故选项中与此相符合的[A]选项“原住民管理土地的做法”为正确答案。
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