2. 考研
  3. The half-century between 1912 and 1962 was a period of great wars and economic turbulence but also of impressive social cohesion

The half-century between 1912 and 1962 was a period of great wars and economic turbulence but also of impressive social cohesion

admin2014-06-25  40
问题     The half-century between 1912 and 1962 was a period of great wars and economic turbulence but also of impressive social cohesion. Marriage rates were high. Community groups connected people across class. In the half-century between 1962 and the present, America has become more prosperous, peaceful and fair, but the social fabric has deteriorated. Social trust has plummeted. Society has segmented. The share of Americans born out of wedlock is now at 40 percent and rising.
    As early as the 1970s, three large theories had emerged to explain the weakening of the social fabric. Liberals assembled around an economically determinist theory. The loss of good working-class jobs undermined communities and led to the social deterioration. Libertarians assembled around a government-centric theory. Great Society programs enabled people to avoid work and gave young women an incentive to have children without marrying. Neo-conservatives had a more culturally deterministic theory. They argued that the abandonment of traditional bourgeois norms led to social disruption.
    Over the past 25 years, though, a new body of research has emerged. This research tends to support a few common themes. First, no matter how social disorganization got started, once it starts, it takes on a momentum of its own. People who grow up in disrupted communities are more likely to lead disrupted lives as adults, magnifying disorder from one generation to the next. Second, it’s not true that people in disorganized neighborhoods have bad values. Their goals are not different from everybody else’s. It’s that they lack the social capital to enact those values. Third, while individuals are to be held responsible for their behavior, social context is more powerful than we thought. If any of us grew up in a neighborhood where a third of the men dropped out of school, we’d be much worse off, too. The recent research details how disruption breeds disruption.
    Over the past two weeks, Charles Murray’s book Coming Apart has restarted the social disruption debate. But, judging by ihe firestorm, you would have no idea that the sociological and psychological research of the past 25 years even existed. Murray neglects this research in his book. Meanwhile, his left-wing critics in the blogosphere have reverted to crude 1970s economic determinism; It’s all the fault of lost jobs. This economic determinism would be bad enough if it was just making public debate dumber. But the amputation of sociologic, psychological and cognitive considerations makes good policy impossible.
    The American social fabric is now so exhausted that even if manufacturing jobs miraculously came back we still would not be producing enough stable, skilled workers to fill them. It’s not enough just to have economic growth policies. The country also needs to rebuild orderly communities. This requires bourgeois paternalism: Building organizations and structures that induce people to behave responsibly rather than irresponsibly and, yes, sometimes using government to do so. Social repair requires sociological thinking. The depressing lesson of the last few weeks is that the public debate is dominated by people who stopped thinking in 1975.
The last paragraph suggests that the most important step for restoring social fabric is______.
选项 A、to produce enough posts for working class
B、to focus economic policies on growth
C、to build good community environment
D、to strengthen the power of the government
答案C
解析 第六段中作者指出，解决社会解体问题仅有促进经济增长的政策不够，还需要重建井然有序的社区，建立引导人们生成负责任行为的组织与机构。必要时甚至借助政府力量。可见，作者强调的是建立形成良好的社区环境，[C]为正确选项。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/uGK4777K
0

考研英语一

相关试题推荐
随机试题
最新回复(0)