2. 外语
  3. Analyzing levels of proportional representation of American Indians in state and local government jobs is important for several

Analyzing levels of proportional representation of American Indians in state and local government jobs is important for several

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问题     Analyzing levels of proportional representation of American Indians in state and local government jobs is important for several reasons. First, the basic idea underlying the theory of representative bureaucracy is that the demographic composition of bureaucracy should mirror the demographic composition of the general public. This is because in addition to its symbolic value, increased access to managerial positions may lead to greater responsiveness on the part of policy makers to the policy interests of traditionally disadvantaged groups such as American Indians. Second, the focus on higher-level jobs in bureaucracies(as opposed to nonmanagerial positions) is especially important because managerial positions represent a major source of economic progress for members of traditionally disadvantaged groups, as these jobs confer good salaries, benefits, status, security, and mobility. Third, it is important to know if there has been growth in the American Indian share of more desirable public-sector positions over the last two decades. For instance, Peterson and Duncan argue that the populations and power of American Indians have been growing in certain states. Peterson and Duncan also suggest that this growth may reflect the possibility that American Indian populations are becoming more active in nontraditional areas of politics, assimilating into mainstream culture, and securing with greater frequency leadership positions in nontribal government.
The passage suggests which of the following regarding “access to managerial positions” for disadvantaged groups?
选项 A、This access is only significant when the percentage of disadvantaged group members in managerial positions mirrors the percent of that group in the general public.
B、This access is largely the result of policy decisions made in response to the interests of those groups.
C、This access has meaning apart from any policy benefits it confer on those groups.
D、This access often creates increased access to nonmanagerial positions for those groups
E、The extent of this access tends to be similar across different disadvantaged groups
答案C
解析 本题定位第三句。根据第三句，除了政策上的利益之外，进入到管理岗位的另一个好处是symbolic value，对应选项C的meaning apart from any policy benefits，因此选项C正确。A项表明的因果关系是：反映百分比→进入管理岗位，但是根据第二三两句，应该是：进入管理岗位→反映百分比。B项表明的因果关系是：政策利益一进入管理岗位，但是根据第三句，应该是：进入管理岗位→政策利益。D项nonmanagerial positions与这种进入无关。E项文中未提及different disadvantaged groups。
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